Organisation and Business Environment Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3008 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1 Assignment title: Organization and Business Environment INTRODUCTION Business environment is a collection of all internal and external factors that influence a business. The external factors include political, microeconomics, macroeconomic, social and technological factors. Businesses do not operate in a vacuum but are constantly affected and shaped by the external opportunities and constraints. Task 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Scenario 1 Explain why some companies are set up in public sector? Also discuss the impacts of these in an economy. The part of theeconomy which is concerned withproviding the basicbasicgovernmentservices is known as the public sector. It is usually composed of organizations that are owned and operated by the government. This includes federal, provincial, state, or municipal governments, which varies according to countries. Examples of public sector companies in Pakistan include Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (Pvt) Ltd, Pakistan Petroleum Ltd, Pakistan Post Office Department, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan State Oil Company Ltd (PSO) and many others. Public sector organizations and government departments are created to fulfill responsibilities of government and are expected to cooperate in the policy development and the delivery of services. Companies in the public sector are owned and controlled by the government. Thus, planning can be coordinated through central control. The capital is raised from the state treasury or the local rates. The profits earned are handed back to the govern ment or the local authority. In this way, everyone shares in the profit from public ownership and wasteful duplication of services is eliminated. Some services are essential and must be provided, but their cost is so high that a private ownership would not be interested in setting it up as they would not make profit. So such services are set up in the public sector. Also, in many cases, it would be unsafe for private people to run dangerous industries such as the provision of atomic energy. The public sector ownerships prevent large, powerful, privately owned firms from existing and being able to set high prices for their services, therefore, helping to abolish private monopoly. The economy of a country is influenced by the public sector ownerships. In some instances, where a business is failing, the government takes over in order to save jobs. Advantages Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisation and Business Environment Assignment" essay for you Create order Essential services are provided. Everyone shares in the profit from public ownership. Wasteful duplication of services is eliminated. Planning can be co-ordinated through central control. Disadvantages Inefficiency results due to the size of the organisation. There is a lack of incentive for employees to perform if there is no share in the profit or there is an absence of other motivators such as productivity bonuses accelerated promotion; (this factor can also apply in the private sector if the employee is not given any incentive to perform). Losses must be met by the taxpayer. Political interference can occur. They interfere with the free market forces. There may be difficulties in finding someone to deal with complaints, though this factor is applicable to any large organisation. Public-sector involvement in economic development, while not always successful, often stems from legitimate concerns about the following: Information market failures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The regional economy will benefit to the extent that the public sector can improve the flow of information in a regional economy in a cost-effective manner. Spillovers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Self-interested buyers and sellers fail to take into account the spillover effects that result in larger costs or benefits for a community or region. Sunk investment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" If public infrastructure or private resources are left idle, an area misses out on the economic potential of its sunken investment. Social impacts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Improvements in the well-being of specific people and places may be particularly important for low-income, low-skilled residents who are less likely to move from declining areas to growing ones. Political pressure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Serious concerns about t he state of a regionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy will lead to public-sector economic development efforts, good or bad. (https://www.caled.org/economicdevelopment/files/econdevelopment.pdf) Identify the different stakeholders in this motorway project. Explain the disadvantages to any two stakeholders of this project. Stakeholders refer to a party that has an interest in an enterprise or project. The primary stakeholders in a typical corporation are its investors, employees, customers and suppliers. However, modern theory goes beyond this conventional notion to embrace additional stakeholders such as the community, government and trade associations. (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stakeholder.asp) Stakeholders can be internal or external to the business. A stake is a vital interest in the business or its activities. It can include ownership and property interests, legal interests and obligations, and moral rights. A legal obligation may be the duty to pay wages or to honor contacts. A moral right may include the right of a consumer not to be intentionally harmed by business activities. Stakeholders can: Affect a business Be affected by a business Be both affected by a business and affect a business A stakeholder is often contrasted against a shareholder, which has an ownership interest in the business. (https://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-stakeholder-in-business-definition-examples-quiz.html#lesson) Internal stakeholders include the employees, managers and the owners, while external stakeholders include the suppliers, government, creditors, shareholders, customers and the society. Murree is a popular hill station, summer resort, famous tourist attraction and the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil Pakistan. It is located in the Pir Panjal Range, nearly 60 kilometres away towards the North of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.The Murree Expressway (N-75), also known as the Islamabad-Murree Expressway was completed in 2011. The external stakeholders in this project included the residents of the area, i.e. the villagers, the government, the travelers to Murree Hills, the respective department of the government for forestry, the construction engineers and highway authorities. It also consisted of pressure groups, suppliers and investors. Some of these can be c ategorized as negative stakeholders, as they are those who have had a detrimental impact on the project. An example would be the local residents with concerns about loss of public areas to a new project. The residents who had homes on the mountainous areas had been forced to find other places to live in order to construct this road. Other than this, a river had to be diverted which caused issues in the water supply to the areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s residents. Another concern was deforestation. A lush green forest had to be cut down and destroyed for this project, giving way to a loss of not only a natural habitat, but also a source of food. Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its canopy, which blocks the sunà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rays during the day and holds in heat at night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperatures swings that can be harmful to plants and animals. Therefore, at a hill station like Murree, where the temperatures are usually low, turn out to be gradually increasing due to the loss of trees. (https://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation-overview/) Trees absorb water in large quantities during heavy rains. But due to large scale deforestation there are very less tress to retain water. This again led to heavy floods causing heavy loss of life and property. There has been land sliding in the area and soil erosion, altogether deforestation damaged not only the natural environment, but also the physical structures including roads and houses. In your opinion does this project contribute positively to economy and how can it ensure desirable allocation of resources. Mobility is one of the key factors that determine economic development and growth in most countries all over the world. Moreover, economic development is directly associated with quality of life, as people tend to satisfy their advancing need for mobility with the aid of transport infrastructures. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa13p944.html This project is beneficial for the economy in several ways. Studies suggest that new infrastructures reduce transport costs by 15-20% on average, with as much as 40-50% of this being attributed to time saving. Also the construction itself led to tourist frequentation which generates income for all kinds of industries present in this area and thus adds up to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP. Several new hotels were constructed along the motorway to serve tourists. Other than this, employment opportunities are also increased. Jobs are created by concessionary companies like toll collectors, road maintenance personnel, local police , and fuel sales. On average, motorway operations are estimated to generate between three to four jobs per kilometer. (OECD 2002) A resource is an economic or productive factor required to accomplish an activity to achieve a desired outcome. The three basic resources are land, labor and capital. The land includes all the natural resources used in the project, for example, the arable land, forests, water resources. Labor consists of the physical and mental talents of individuals that are part of the project. And capital refers to the money, and also the machinery and equipment used. https://www.slideshare.net/kbgluciaja/resource-allocation-16175159 According to economists, efficient allocation happens when consumers are able to choose the goods and services that they want. Companies that do not offer desirable services decline and fail and resources move away from them. In these ways, resources move to those firms that make the things that people want. This is efficient a llocation of resources. Resources are being allocated efficiently when they are being used to produce the proper quantities of the goods and services that consumers desire the most. This project seeks to ensure that road safety funding mechanisms are established, sufficient and sustainable. At the same time, a rational framework for resource allocation allows the making of a strong business case for road safety investments based on cost-effectiveness and cost benefit analyses. To achieve more ambitious performance targets, new funding sources and mechanisms may need to be established. (OECD) Most countries need to improve their knowledge of expenditure on the consequences of road crashes, both by government and injury insurance companies, and investment in road safety improvement and trauma prevention. Road safety authorities need this information to prepare financial and economic evidence on the costs and effectiveness of proposed interventions in order to win whole-of-govern ment support for funding innovative programmes and for transparency in resource allocation for crash prevention and treatment. There are opportunities for targeted road safety investments that provide competitive returns. Road safety practitioners and authorities should develop business cases for this investment. A step change in resources invested in road safety management and in safer transport systems is required to realize the achievement of ambitious road safety targets in most of the world. Revenue sources for road funds typically come from fuel taxes, vehicle registration and licensing fees, and road user charges for heavy vehicles. There are few examples of road funds being used to finance road safety investments. Analyze whether resources are allocated more efficiently in private sector or public sector. Efficient allocation of resources is a characteristic of an efficient market in which capital is allocated in a way that benefits all participants. It occurs when organizations in the public and private sectors can obtain funding for the projects that will be the most profitable, thereby promoting economic growth. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/allocationalefficiency.asp In a perfect market, an efficient allocation of resources will be achieved by the forces of supply and demand, through the price mechanism, without the need for public intervention. However, public intervention may be justified in cases of market failure, where the price mechanism results in an allocation of resources that diverges from the social optimum. This may occur for a number of reasons: in the case of public goods, externalities, natural monopolies or asymmetrical information. The appropriate public sector response à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" distinguishing public provision, financing or regulation à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and level of public spending will depend on the type and degree of market failure that the public sector seeks to correct. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2069.pdf Analysis of the conditions of supply and demand for public and private goods: Public money is spent where the state has a comparative advantage. This approach does not provide the basis for determining allocation of resources across the public sector nor their appropriate level. Marginal utility and assessment of cost effectiveness: Problems are encountered when transforming the principles into an operational environment. Allocative efficiency and cost benefit analysis: Whilst useful for appraising large-scale investment projects, this technique cannot be used to assist inter-sectoral and inter-programme allocation decisions. Resources allocated according to citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ preferences and through collective decision-making: Representat ive democracy does not necessarily produce efficient outcomes, some political and bureaucratic intervention is generally considered necessary. Equity and targeting of the poor: Determining the extent and means of redistribution is a political issue and cannot be determined by economic modelling. These principles and techniques remain imperfect because they do not account for institutional politics. https://www.eldis.org/go/homeid=29494type=Document#.VHz1lGeSyOg When targets are set individually for each organization, the resulting incentives normally induce inefficient resource allocations. If the principal impose shared targets, this may improve the incentives to coordinate but the success of this instrument depends in general on the imprecision and distortion of performance measures, as well as agent motivation. Besides decreasing available resources, imprecise performance measures also affect agents possibility to learn the function that determines value. Simulations wit h a least squares learning rule show that the one-shot model is a good approximation when the imprecision of performance measures is low to moderate and one parameter is initially unknown. However, substantial and lengthy deviations from equilibrium values are frequent when three parameters have to be learned. Differentiate between fiscal and monetary policy, also assess if it is feasible to implement fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. Economic policy-makers are said to have two kinds of tools to influence a countrys economy: fiscal and monetary. Fiscal policy is when the government uses its spending and taxing powers to have an impact on the economy. The direct and indirect effects of fiscal policy can influence personal spending, capital expenditure, exchange rates, deficit levels and even interest rates, which are usually associated with monetary policy. Monetary policy can also be used to ignite or control the pace of the economy but is controlled by the central bank, the Federal Reserve with the ultimate goal of creating an easy money environment. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/12/fiscal-or-monetary-policy.asp The main difference is that monetary policy uses interest rates set by the Central Bank. Fiscal policy involves changing government spending and taxes to influence the level of aggregate demand. https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/534/economics/define-fiscal-and-monetary-pol icy/ Economic performance can be illustrated through the concepts of aggregate supply and aggregate demand. Aggregate supply is the total supply of goods and services produced in the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy. It is upward-sloping because at higher prices firms have an incentive to produce more, and at lower prices they are likely to produce less. Aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services in the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy. It is downward-sloping because at higher prices, consumers, firms, government, and foreign customers are less willing to buy, while they will likely buy more at lower prices. Aggregate supply and demand are shown in the graph. Shifts in the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves can illustrate changes in the performance of our economy. If consumer confidence in the economy falls and people reduce their spending, aggregate demand can fall, reducing real output and prices and possibly dropping the country into a recession. H owever, if the money supply is too large, excessive consumer demand can push up the aggregate demand, raising real output and prices and possibly pushing the country into serious inflation. https://www.econedlink.org/lessons/index.php?lid=352type=student Monetary policy is set by the Central Bank, and therefore reduces political influence (e.g. politicians may cut interest rates in desire to have a booming economy before a general election) Fiscal Policy can have more supply side effects on the wider economy. E.g. to reduce inflation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" higher tax and lower spending would not be popular and the government may be reluctant to purse this. Also lower spending could lead to reduced public services and the higher income tax could create disincentives to work. Monetarists argue expansionary fiscal policy (larger budget deficit) is likely to cause crowding out à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" higher government spending reduces private sector spending, and higher government bo rrowing pushes up interest rates. (However, this analysis is disputed) Expansionary fiscal policy (e.g. more government spending) may lead to special interest groups pushing for spending which isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really helpful and then proves difficult to reduce when recession is over. Monetary policy is quicker to implement. Interest rates can be set every month. A decision to increase government spending may take time to decide where to spend the money. However, the recent recession shows that Monetary Policy too can have many limitations. Targeting inflation is too narrow. This meant Central banks ignored an unsustainable boom in housing market and bank lending. Liquidity Trap; in a recession, cutting interest rates may prove insufficient to boost demand because banks donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to lend and consumers are too nervous to spend. Interest rates were cut from 5% to 0.5% in March 2009, but this didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t solve recession in UK. Even quan titative easing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" creating money may be ineffective if banks just want to keep the extra money in their balance sheets. Government spending directly creates demand in the economy and can provide a kick-start to get the economy out of recession. Thus in a deep recession, relying on monetary policy alone, may be insufficient to restore equilibrium in the economy. In a liquidity trap, expansionary fiscal policy will not cause crowding out because the government is making use of surplus saving to inject demand into the economy. In a deep recession, expansionary fiscal policy may be important for confidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" if monetary policy has proved to be a failure. https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/1850/economics/difference-between-monetary-and-fiscal-policy/ Task 2 Write a brief note on the impact of competition policy and regulatory mechanisms on companies like TESCO. Learner: Osama Javaid Unit 1: Business and Environment Assessor: Abroo Asad

My Experience At Hair Savvy Hair And Nail Salon - 1107 Words

The entrepreneur I interviewed was, Dehra Battle. She is the owner and stylist at Hair Savvy Hair and Nail Salon. The salon opened up on the Spring of 2010. I have known Dehra for the past 10 years. She has been my personal hair stylist for the last 10 years. Being a close family friend, I have witnessed her trials and tribulations with being an entrepreneur. I choose Dehra, because she is a wonderful and hard working woman; she has a passion for helping others with self esteem by creating signature styles that will give any woman the confidence. Dehra was not satisfied with working under a salon owner who was not concerned about the workers safety and customer satisfaction. She wanted to be in control and create an environment that customers would love to attend regularly. Her personal background played a tremendous part of her in her desire of becoming an entrepreneur. Dehra’s mother was a nail tech part time for a the majority of her childhood. Being in this environment for a strong portion of her life, she developed a passion for the art of beauty services. As she got older she began to start learning how to do hair. She attended a high school that had a vocational program for where students could earn their cosmetology license, STNA certificate, and etc. Dehra received her cosmetology license while in high school. After graduation from high school, she worked in several shops where she trained under some of the top stylists of Cleveland. She became the salon managerShow MoreRelatedInterview Analysis : Dehra Battle1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe entrepreneur that I choose to interview was, Dehra Battle. She is the owner and stylist at her own salon called, Hair Savvy Hair and Nail Salon. The salon opened up on the Spring of 2010. I have known Dehra for the past 10 years. She has been my personal hair stylist for the last 10 years. Being a close family friend, I have seen her trials and tribulations with opening her own salon. 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What was the most important reason for the abolition of the slave Trade free essay sample

By the time that the slave trade had been abolished in Britain and her colonies in 1807 eleven million men, women and children had been snatched from their homes. For historians understanding the factors that led to the abolition of the trade remains an important task. Whilst there is clearly a consensus on the main factors that led to this seismic and historic event there is obviously a difference in opinion on the most important due to the degree of subjectivity the question poses. The key factors that caused the abolition were the work of the working class, both their moral views as well as petitions; Economic factors; the work of black people and the middle class. The evidence I have seen has led me to firmly and fervently believe that Economic factors played the most important role. Money makes the world go round and in the latter stage of the 18th century slavery was not making enough of it. Due to a rise in cheap sugar, a result of increased production in Central America, demand for West Indian sugar fell. As plantations closed, demand fell. Whilst in 1771 2728 slaves were imported into Barbados, a year later none were. Slavery became less profitable and in many cases the slaves themselves went from an asset to a liability. Furthermore, an increase in slave rebellion and revolts led to increased expenses. This epiphany caused the plantation owners to realize the benefit of employing former slaves. This was not due to them having a moral realization or hearing the terrible accounts of slaves, not even the cries of the British working class back home. It was simply due to the fact that it was far more profitable to employ people whose wellbeing was not their responsibility. The economist, Adam Smith, in his book â€Å"The Wealth of the Nation† wrote that ‘the work of free men comes cheaper in the end than performed by slaves. ’ This is because Slavery makes the slaves a reluctant labour force and so the slaves feel that their labour is useless as all the profits go to the master as the slaves are not allowed to own anything, not even themselves. I propose that the only reason that the MPs voted for the motion was the fact that it no longer mattered if slavery was banned as the import industry and trade hubs no longer relied on the foul practice to supply them with the commodities such as sugar, Tobacco and cotton. Ewald Alexander-Charles a contemporary of the abolition and a historian wrote â€Å"it was not by stories of atrocious cruelty that the eyes of Parliament were open to the wickedness of slavery. † He went on to show that â€Å"while the free negroes were steadily advancing in number, the slaves were dying, off at a rate which was truly appalling†. This is not to regard the other factors as redundant. The role of black people played a crucial accelerator in the economic downfall of slavery as the revolts they took part in cost thousands to quell. This helped make the plantations less economically viable and contributed to the employment of ex-slaves. However, arguably the bigger role-played by black people was the spread of information about the brutal atrocities and horrible working conditions slaves suffered. Equiano helped publicize the issue in his autobiography â€Å"the interesting narrative†. They brought slavery to the attention of the working class majority and slowly but surely changed the opinion of the people. However, I do believe that if slavery were still economically prosperous the important politicians of the port cities would not have let the bill pass. Before the petitions the politicians believe that the people were on their side. However the series of petitions; firstly of 300,00 and then 3 million helped swing opinion within parliament. This change in opinion also could not of happened without the moral, sociological and theological reform that the age of the enlightenment and French revolution brought. The idea that all men were born equal was a clear and compelling argument for the abolition and it was that kind of thinking which propelled the case for freedom forward. However, I do not believe that the working class had the impact that others have claimed. Because politicians were a rich landowning elite and did not have to take into account the electorate or constituent’s opinions as they owned the land their voters lived on. Furthermore, the majority of the MPs were controlled by the trading companies and sadly, like today; the corporations had more power than the people. That aside, they did put pressure on parliament and gave force to the political proponents of abolition. Granville Sharp is a fantastic example of a middle class educated campaigner who helped fight the cases of black slaves as well as founding the society for effecting the abolition of the slave trade in 1787. Men like him both helped to educate the working class and persuade the upper on the importance of abolition. The reason I think the role of the middle class was not as important and was an underlying factor is due to the fact that public opinion was all ready changing due to the role of black campaigners and the middle class merely accelerated it. However this long-term cause should not be disregarded as many slaves were saved and freed under the legal protection and effort of Mr. Sharp- slaves who went on to change the opinion of the British public. Another example of a middle class campaigner was Wilberforce. Committed and scrupulous, devoted and tireless William fought for the rights of all men and the abolition of the slave trade. William persevered after many failed attempts and although he may not have been the most important factor just like the straw who broke the camels back, Wilberforce’s bill broke the back of oppression and slavery Because as he said in his impassioned speech to parliament â€Å"You may choose to look the other way but you can never say again that you did not know. † To conclude, I think that the economic factor was the most important and although I take a cynical view I believe that the years of racism, apartheid and xenophobia after slavery shows that primarily it was not compassion that led to the abolition of slavery but the same greed that led to the industrial revolution in the years that followed. However I concede that even if as Niccolo Machiavelli says â€Å"Politics has no relation to morals. † It was the men like Wilberforce and sharp, men with more morals than all the planation owners combined who were also crucial to the abolition of the vile and disgusting trade.

Into The Wild Life(2015) by Halestorm free essay sample

Halestorm is a modern hard rock band that features the famous frontwoman Lzzy Hale who named the band after herself. So far to my knowledge, they have released three albums with what seems like a three year wait period between each one. The band has touched upon many topics in their music like rebellion with Freak Like Me, breakups in I Miss The Misery and depression in songs like In Your Room and Break In. Into the Wild Life is far different from their previous two albums. The last two were definitely more modern rock and anthemic based. This one seems to incorporate that and many other rock and metal based elements making this album a bit more diverse in sound. Tracks like Dear Daughter are more emotionally driven and give a sense of pity and sympathy. Tracks like Mayhem, Apocalyptic, and Scream are more punky and a bit more like what they are well known for. We will write a custom essay sample on Into The Wild Life(2015) by Halestorm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would also like to mention that this is more set in a similar faction to many concept albums for progressive rock bands. While this isnt always the case, you will find this alot throughout the album almost making it in its self, a concept album(I guess thats why its more musically diverse). I will admit I do like The Strange Case of and the self titled more, but this is surprisingly great. I have to give credit where credit is due and I managed to do that. The diversity is more my style because my favorite genre, progressive rock, explores this alot normally. Halestorm has to get props for trying something new. I give this a 9/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the conflict began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.   As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. The War Begins Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Armies Commanders: England Edward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 men France Philip VI20,000-80,000 men Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.

Salvador DAli on Surrelism essays

Salvador DAli on Surrelism essays Requirements for Mental Health Technician (MHT) 1. Must take post test after each video b. Intoxication 2. Read assigned books Chapter assigned are as follows 1,2,3,4,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,(25-33) 3. Verbal discussion with a Registered Nurse (RN) Scheduled Classroom lecture with Instructor (You will be notified of Classroom Lectures) 4. Mandatory Quiz after each video (Mandatory Test after curriculum) Every student will be notified on externship hours which they will need to grasp the social and verbal concepts. ( These are the topics that you will need to familiarize yourself with) Intake and Referral Services 24 hr. mental health crisis line Crisis Intervention Delegate Forensic/Mental Health Services to county jail and court system Mental Health Assessments and Recommendations Community Outreach Care Worker - Farrell/Wheatland Psychological, Psychiatric, Social Family Based Mental Health School Based Mental Health Partial Hospitalization (adult and adolescent) Family Support for the Mentally Retarded In-Patient Psychiatric Serv. (adult/adolescents) Community Residential Services (CRR + CLA) Community Services (public educa ...

Costco's Management Style and How the Business Operates Research Paper

Costco's Management Style and How the Business Operates - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that managerial functions refer to a set of practices that can enable the organizations to successfully accomplish their predetermined business targets. The organizations of the present business world tend to highly focus on developing as well as designing effective and well-built managerial functions that can lead them towards sustaining in this competitive financial market. The managerial functions are regarded as the primary factors of an organization that incorporates a major set of practices like planning; organizing, leading as well as controlling that can lead them towards accomplishing their expected business goals. Costco is globally well-known for its extensive operations of retailing broad assortment of products for a different group of customers across the globe. The organization principally involves a membership warehouse facility that is dedicated to providing extensive collection of quality based merchandise to its global cus tomers in a best possible price. Currently, Costco can be observed in more than hundreds of global locations with a wider range of merchandise, convenient specialty departments as well as elite membership services serving a different group of global customers. The managerial functions are regarded as the pivotal factors that significantly direct an organization to accomplish its broad array of business practices. According to the rapid development of the global business environment, the organizations seek to achieve better control of its range of activities to remain competitive.... te an effective set of managerial functions for the purpose of strengthening and developing its operational as well as managerial capabilities through designing effective set of planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling functions (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2012). This can be better understood with the help of the following pictorial illustration. Source: (Daft & Lane, 2009) In relation to the business operations of Costco, it has been observed that the organization practices an effective set of managerial functions that enable the company to conveniently perform its wide range of activities by a considerable level. Planning Planning can be considered as the initial and major aspect of the managerial functions that perform by a particular organization. The phase highly involves unending course of functions that are set by the top hierarchical members of a specific organization (Lewis, Goodman, Fandt & Michlitsch, 2007). In relation to the present managerial functions of Costco, it can be identified that the top hierarchical members of the organization tends to make effective decisions in order to attain its expected business targets. In this regard, the decisions include setting any predetermined business goal, procedures along with policies and other plans to deliberately provide quality products or services to its potential customers. Moreover, the planning functions of the Costco also incorporate developing functional strategies and effective action plans that facilitates the organization to attract the customers by a greater extent (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2011). In addition, the planning function of the organization also engages different marketing and promotional functions concerning warehouse opening, direct mailing to the new members along

Detailed Analysis of Common Law Cases Assignment

Detailed Analysis of Common Law Cases - Assignment Example Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd. [1953] 1 QB 401. In this case, the court held that a seller of pharmaceuticals in a shop is not making a valid offer to the customers of these pharmaceuticals, and that, when a customer picks up a pharmaceutical and brings it to the counter, that customer is not making an acceptance. Fisher v. Bell [1961] 1 QB 394 further states that a shopkeeper offering an item for sale is not making a valid offer, but, rather, when the customer presents the item to the cashier, the customer is the one making the offer to buy. The acceptance, in this case, is the act of the cashier taking the customers money. Partridge v. Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 further provides credence for this view, as, in the Partridge case, the offer of birds for sale was not a valid offer, in part because the storekeeper might be contractually bound to sell items that he might not actually own. This line of cases establishes that Doris did not make a valid offer (rdi.co.uk.com). She put a vase in the window of her shop with a sign stating that the vase was on offer for  £500. Unless she was making a different kind of advertisement where she offered to pay somebody money in exchange for something else, as was the case in Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256, the seemingly only exception to the rule that advertisements are not considered offers, then Doris cannot be said to have made a valid offer. Even if Doris was held to have made a valid offer, then Frank cannot be held to have made a valid acceptance, as he offered  £400 for it. He was thus making a counteroffer, because of the â€Å"mirror image rule,† which states that an unequivocal acceptance must mirror the offer exactly, and any deviation made by the offeree to the offeror is a counteroffer (rdi.co.uk.com; Restatement 2d Contracts  §59a).

Company Employment Essay Example for Free

Company Employment Essay Sheena had worked for the same Fortune 500 Company for most 15 years. Although the company had gone through some tough times, things were starting to turn around. Customer orders were up, and quality and productivity had improved dramatically from what they had been only a few years earlier due company wide quality improvement program. So, it comes as a real shock to Sheena and about 400 of her co-workers when they were suddenly terminated following the new CEO’s decision to downsize the company. After recovering from the initial shock, Sheena tried to find employment elsewhere. Despite her efforts, after eight months of searching she was no closer to finding a job than the day she started. Her funds were being depleted and she was getting more discouraged. There was one bright spot, though: She was able to bring in a little money by mowing lawns for her neighbors. She got involved quite by chance when she heard one neighbor remark that now that his children were on their own, nobody was around to cut the grass. Almost jokingly, Sheena asked him how much he’d be willing to pay. Soon Sheena was mowing the lawns of five neighbors. Other neighbors wanted her to work on their lawns, but she didn’t feel that she could spare any more time from her job search. However, as the rejection letters began to pile up, Sheena knew she had to make an important decision in her life. On a rainy Tuesday morning, she decided to go into business for herself taking care of neighborhood lawns. She was relieved to give up the stress of job hunting, and she was excited about the prospects of being her own boss. But she was also fearful of being completely on her own. Nevertheless, Sheena was determined to make a go of it. At first, business was a little slow, but once people realized Sheena was available, many asked her to take care of their lawns. Some people were simply glad to turn the work over to her; others switched from professional lawn care services. By the end of her first year in business, Sheena knew she could earn a living this way. She also performed other services such as fertilizing lawns, weeding gardens, and trimming shrubbery. Business became so good that Sheena hired two part-time workers to assist her and, even then, she believed she could expand further if she wanted to. Questions 1. In what ways are Sheena’s customers most likely to judge the quality of her lawn care services? (10 Marks) 2. Sheena is the operations manager of her business. Among her responsibilities are forecasting, inventory management, scheduling, quality assurance, and maintenance. (a) What kinds of things would likely require forecasts?  (b) What inventory items does Sheena probably have? Name one inventory decision she has to make periodically. (c) What scheduling must she do? What things might occur to disrupt schedules and cause Sheena to reschedule? (d) How important is quality assurance to Sheena’s business? Explain. (e) What kinds of maintenance must be performed? (20 Marks) 3. What are some of the trade-offs that Sheena probably considered relative to: (a) Working for a company instead of for herself? (b) Expanding the business? (10 Marks) 4. The town is considering an ordinance that would prohibit putting grass clippings at the curb for pickup because local landfills cannot handle the volume. What options might Sheena consider if the ordinance is passed? Name two advantages and two drawbacks of each option. (20 Marks)

Isadora Duncan :: essays research papers

The fine art of modern dance is like many other fields in that it is based on the actions and deeds of those who were pioneers in the field. These pioneers helped to mold modern dance into what it is today. Of the many people who are partially responsible for this accomplishment is Isadora Duncan. Duncan, often referred to as the â€Å"mother of modern dance,† inspired many other dancers to the extent that the art of dance would not be the same today without her many contributions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isadora Duncan who was born in the late 1870’s in San Francisco, was raised alongside three siblings by her mother alone. This may possibly be what led her to become in her own time what we today would considered to be a feminist. She fought against the many restrictions placed on women in her personal life as well as in her form of dance. Because she was such a feminist, Isadora Duncan was strongly opposed to marriage. For this reason both of her children were born out of wedlock, each with a different father. Duncan unfortunately lived a life filled with tragedy. Both of her children died alongside their nanny when a car that thy three were seated in, rolled into a river. Grief-stricken by the death of her children, Isadora’s dancing career was temporarily put on hold until she finally opened up a dance school. She later met a Russian man whom she fell in love with and married in order to be able to bring him to the United States. When she arrived in the United States with her new husband, she was unwelcome because of the fear that the Americans had for the Soviet Union at the time. Angrily, she left the United States vowing to never return again. Subsequently, her husband, who was not well mentally, loft her and eventually he committed suicide. Isadora Duncan’s life came to an end in a fittingly tragic manner when her scarf became entangled in the wheels of a car in which she was riding pulling her out the window of the car and strangling her as she was dragged down the street to her death.

Secret Life of Bees

1. Coming of age: A coming of age novel is a novel in which shows the transition of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood through a physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual journey. The Secret Life of Bees is a coming of age novel for Lily because she matures and loses her innocence. For example in chapter two Lily makes a mature decision to leave home because she finally realizes that how T. Ray is treating her is vile and un-fatherly. (Kidd 39-43). When Lily comes to the bee farm, she finds that there is goodness in the world. When she finds this goodness she grows up a little more and adds more experience to her somewhat small view of the world. 2. Literary Allusions: A literary allusion is something in the text that references to something that the audience would recognize. For example the book references Moses delivering God’s people out of Egypt, and the other uses that allusion to tie together how the bees are the one’s that delivered Lily away T. Ray. Lily says that the bees â€Å"were sent as a special plague for T. Ray. God saying, Let my daughter go, and maybe that’s exactly what they’d been, a plague that released me. † (Kidd 151). This allusion is tied to the plot because she is referencing the bees to the classic story of Moses, and also talks about how the bees were her escape from T. Ray. 3. The bees are important to the story because they are the ones who have appeared to guide Lily throughout the entire book. In the beginning of the book she traps a few bees in a jar but feels guilty about leaving them in a jar so she opens the jar to let them free, but the bees don’t leave right away, it takes them awhile to finally leave (Kidd 27-28). The bees continue to be a motif because they signify how each bee has a purpose, just like each character has a purpose. This is important to May’s death because if one bee leaves the hive things go crazy and so May was the bee that left and this left the entire hive in a fury (Kidd 192-214). The bees are also a motif in the title because in the beehive Lily has this big secret that she continues to keep from everyone and this is where the title The Secret Life of Bees has most likely came from. 4. The river is relevant to Lily’s coming of age because with this river Lily sees death and this probably reminds her of her mother’s death. Also Lily gets a more clear understanding of death because of the river taking the life of May. The river is also symbolic because the river makes up the stones that make the Wailing Wall and so Lily finds the sadness in the wall and finds out about May’s pain and sadness (Kidd 80-83). With this information Lily is able to grow up and figure out more about the world itself outside the beehive. 5. Setting: The setting is essential to the story because with the time period first of all if it took place in modern time Rosaleen wouldn’t have gone to prison, nor would those men have been aloud to beat her up without getting in trouble. Sadly this was a time when people treated black people poorly as if they were still slaves in a sense. Something else that would have been different is T. Ray wouldn’t have been able to treat Lily the way he had and this is essential to the plot because if T. Ray hadn’t gotten away with being an awful father than Lily probably wouldn’t have run away from home. The time period is important to how this story plays out for if it had been a different time period this story wouldn’t have happened. 6. 7. 8. Foil: In the story it is obvious in short period of time that June is quite different from her older sister August. While June is cold to people and shuts them out, especially Lily, August is calm, caring, motherly, and the queen bee. June is very protective of her self where August is outgoing and let’s people in no matter who they may be. For example June wants to essentially throw Lily out on the street because she wants to keep things easy, but August says that Lily needs to stay until she is ready to leave (Kidd 86-87). This is one of many times where August and June clash in personalities and this is quite important because it moves the plot along. Secret Life of Bees During the Civil Rights Movement there was a lot of hatred and violence between the black community and the white community all because of skin color. When Whitney Moore Young, Jr. states, â€Å"Together, blacks and whites can move our country beyond racism and create for the benefit of all of us an open society, one that assures freedom, justice, and full equality for all†, Whitney means that if all the hate is put aside, the community, even the entire country, can overcome anything. Racism can make or break a community or just a simple friendship.In The Secret Life of Bees, a novel by Sue Monk Kidd, worlds collide during the time of prejudice and racism. In the novel, a young girl tries to find herself within a black family, and learns more than she expected about herself, then she would anywhere else. She sees how even she, herself, has evidence of slight racism in her mind. When racism takes over of a society, it does not just change the mind of one person. It changes the mind of many, causing relationships and friendships between people to falter or grow.Racism can cause a dilemma with relationships between people and cause them to be at a thin line. When Lily and Zach are eating lunch after a day of work, Zach explains his dream job and what he plans to accomplish in the future. When Lily hears about it she cannot believe it. She has a sense of annoyance. Without even knowing it, she is being a bit of a racist when she states, â€Å"I’ve just never heard of a Negro lawyer, that’s all. You’ve got to hear of these things before you can imagine them† (Kidd 121).Lily does not realize she is putting Zach down by saying the statement above. Zach became defensive and stood up for himself, but surprisingly did not hold a grudge. It was more of him teaching Lily a lesson that the most famous and intelligent people do not get where they are by being unoriginal and uncreative. They get where they are by imagining what has never bee n seen before. Right around when Lily and Rosaleen first get there, Lily has a thought that suddenly seems to prove to her that she does have some prejudice in her and she is not as open-minded as she thought.Her thought after meeting August is, â€Å"Since I want to tell the whole truth, which means the worst parts, I thought they could be smart, but not as smart as me, me being white† (Kidd 78). Lily suddenly feels like she has learned a lesson about herself by meeting August and the Boatwright sisters. Until this point, she has understood racism as an act whites only committed towards color people. Nevertheless, Lily respects and feels devoted to August, and this respect and devotion begins to grow the relationship between August and Lily into something similar to a daughter-mother relationship.This only proves how racism can make or break a relationship, because you can either offend or learn from what you are doing and thinking. Racism does not just go one way and it nev er will. Everyone as different thoughts and everyone feels differently about certain things. It is a way of life almost. Lily discovers this once she begins living in the Boatwright house when June makes a statement, â€Å"But she’s white, August† (Kidd 87). When Lily overhears June make this comment, she becomes angry and thinks how absurd it is to dislike someone for their skin color.What Lily does not seem to realize right away is that it is the same thing when it comes to the discrimination white people have towards color people. This is an interesting moment in the novel because white people do not usually experience this type of discrimination and it confuses Lily at first but later realizes the reason June does not like her is because of the color of her skin and who she is. It only helps prove how racism can cause a relationship to never even be close to a relationship.The prejudice that goes around society also influences the way relationships are made and how they grow because society almost influences everything done and how it is done. An example of this is when Zach tells Lily, â€Å"Lily, I like you better than any girl I’ve ever known, but you have to understand, there are people who would kill boys like me for even looking at girls like you† (Kidd 135). Zach says this to Lily regarding any potential romantic relationship between them. This comment shows how unfair racism can be and is.Young love is typically carefree and easy and something you look forward to. However, as young teenagers, Lily and Zach have to think about the prejudices of the rest of the society because how dangerous it can get. Racism is not something that will ever really go away in this country or anywhere else as a matter of fact. It can break apart an entire nation just because of the way people think and look at things differently. Even though that is how things already are, when it comes to something so serious like racism though, there is a very thin line that people seem to cross a lot.It all just impacts the society and how it works because of a certain group of people see things a different way then it causes people to feel like what they do can be wrong if it is not approved of. People should just respect each other and let everyone be. It can really bring the nation or just a small community together and that moves the generation forward into something so much bigger and stronger. It is how Whitney Moore stated that if we can all learn to move forward as one, it can become an open society, full of all the wonderful things a society should be filled with.

Cheating Essay

Cheating is cheating yourself Cheating on school work is never justifiable. Students are responsible for their own work, and it is unfair to cheat in any form. Teachers grade students on their own academic ability and if a student is covertly or openly cheating that is considered infringement of being a student. Being a student requires personal interpretation, and analysis. Copying someone else’s work is disadvantageous. If cheating becomes a regular practice to someone it can be harmful to their future. Plagiarism is a major form of cheating that is distinctly forbidden. If students are not accountable for their own work, then they should be punished for it. The purpose of going to school is to learn and be able to consume new information. Copying someone else’s work does not serve this purpose and is useless regards to learning new material. For example, if a student is assigned to take notes on a certain reading, and hand in the same worded notes as another student it is possible that one student copied the other. If they worked on the notes together, and spent time to word it in the same way, this would not be considered cheating. However, if this was the case then the students should clarify with their teacher that the notes were worked on together. If this was not the case, this would be considered cheating and it should not be tolerated. From experience, I once allowed one of my friends to look over my class notes. As I graciously gave them the paper, I didn’t think that my friend would copy the notes word for word. A few days later, after handing in the notes, we got them back. I looked down at my paper and saw on th e top a zero written in red marker. I looked over at my friends paper which read the same grade. The teacher had both of us stay after class, and told us that he didn’t know who was responsible for taking the notes, and that either way it was cheating. As the year proceeded, I could tell my teacher was always skeptical of work that my friend and I would hand in following this incident. Cheating can lose values of trust, which I felt it did between my teacher and I. Since that day, I have not willingly handed out any of my papers. Since school in beneficial to an individual, cheating defeats this purpose. One of my teachers in high school would continuously repeat the saying â€Å"When you cheat, you cheat yourself.† I have seen people cheat their way through high school which does not better themselves in any way. For example, someone in my graduating class had the advantage of being one of the best football players in our conference, and was praised for it by my school and town. When ivy league schools started to recruit him, he figured he had to step his academic game up. How he did this was unfair because he regularly would copy other people’s work. Students would have no problem handing over papers to him, oblivious to what would happen to him in the long run. This phenomenal football player committed to Brown, I knew he had it coming. Since cheating became a regular practice to him, he would not be able to keep up with the academic work load at Brown. When asking a friend how he was doing, I heard that he was considering to transfer after the first semester. I assu med that this was because he did not feel like he could handle the school work since cheating had become part of his nature. In addition to cheating to yourself, this practice also includes false accomplishment. This football player had the privilege of attending Brown University, but his actions of getting there were unfair. He was a fully qualified football player for the University, but his academic level was a fraud. He might feel proud of this accomplishment for getting into and attending Brown, but really he is lying to himself. Cheating should never be tolerated, let alone regularly done because it results in negative effects such as what happened to this football player. Plagiarism is a major form of cheating that is frowned upon. Plagiarism is intolerable at colleges, and has detrimental consequences. In every one of my syllabus’s for my college course, plagiarism is addressed. It is clearly stated that if students are caught for plagiarizing, they will be penalized and consequences may even result in expulsion of the course. Plagiarism is defined as the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own. It is unfair for one to claim that their work is someone else’s which is why a student is punished for it if they are caught. I have always been taught to make sure that I cite my sources if I have copied or taken information from another source. I am aware of the consequences of plagiarism so I am always careful when taking information  from other sources. I have had a friend in high school that got caught for plagiarism. There was no way for her to defend herself for the action, so she received a zero on this paper. There are no excuses for plagiarism which is why it is never justifiable. Cheating in relationships usually results in break ups. This is significant and similar to cheating on school work because as you could conclude from reading this paper, there are no advantages of cheating. One might feel that they will never get caught for such an action, but they themselves cannot feel satisfied for their work since it is not their own. My experience of handing out my paper to my friend made me more aware of the outcomes which could occur due to this action. This is why I have never cheated since this has happened. My observation of the football player at Brown demonstrated the false representation he played in regards to his academic achievements. The severe repercussions plagiarism creates are enforced at schools and universities throughout the world. Cheating is never acceptable on school work since there is nothing good that comes out of it.

Free Essays on Delegation

Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ... Free Essays on Delegation Free Essays on Delegation Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ... Free Essays on Delegation Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ...

Definition and Examples of Formal Prose Style

Definition and Examples of Formal Prose Style In composition, formal style is a broad term for speech or writing marked by an impersonal, objective, and precise use of language. A formal prose style is typically used in orations, scholarly books and articles, technical reports, research papers, and legal documents. Contrast with informal style  and colloquial style. In The Rhetorical Act (2015), Karlyn Kohrs Campbell et al. observe that formal prose is strictly  grammatical  and uses complex sentence structure and precise, often technical  vocabulary. Informal prose is  less strictly grammatical and uses short, simple sentences and ordinary, familiar words. Observations Whenever we speak or write, we make certain assumptions about what kind of language is appropriate to the situation at hand. Basically, this amounts to deciding how formal or informal to be. Rhetorical style ranges from the formality of a presidential address or scholarly article on the one hand to the informality of a radio or TV interview or a conversation- perhaps even a text or twitter message- with a friend on the other. Generally speaking, as style becomes more informal, it becomes more conversational or colloquial.(Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, Susan Schultz Huxman, and Thomas A. Burkholder, The Rhetorical Act: Thinking, Speaking and Writing Critically, 5th ed. Cengage, 2015)Formal and Informal StylesToday rhetoricians speak of formal and informal styles. The former is characterized by more advanced vocabulary, longer, more complex sentences, use of one instead of you, and is appropriate for more formal occasions such as lectures, scholarly papers, or ceremonial addresses. The inform al style has feature such as contractions, the use of the first and second person pronouns I and you, simpler vocabulary, and shorter sentences. It is appropriate for informal essays and certain kinds of letters.(Winifred Bryan Horner, Rhetoric in the Classical Tradition. St. Martins, 1988) The tone is polite, but impersonal. The pronoun you isnt usually appropriate in formal writing.The language of formal writing doesnt include contractions, slang, or humor. It is often technical. In an attempt to avoid pronouns like I, you, and me, some writers overuse the passive voice, which makes their writing stuffy and indirect.Sentence structure includes lengthy sentences with complex subordination, long verb phrases, and the expletive pronouns it and there for subjects. Since the information content of formal, technical, or legal documents is high, both readers and writers expect the reading pace to be slower than in informal writing.Characteristics of a Formal Style- Formal style is characterized by long and complex sentences, a scholarly vocabulary, and a consistently serious tone. Grammatical rules are scrupulously observed, and the subject matter is substantial. The selection may include references to literary works or allusions to historical and classical figures. Absent a re contractions, colloquial expressions, and an identified speaker, with impersonal one or the reader frequently used as the subject.(Fred Obrecht, Minimum Essentials of English, 2nd ed. Barrons, 1999)- These are some typical characteristics of formal style: Formal style is appropriate for official documents, computer documentation, scholarly articles and books, technical reports, or letters with a negative message.(Deborah Dumaine. Instant-Answer Guide to Business Writing. Writers Club Press, 2003)

Dworkins Distinction Between Ethics and Morality Essay

Dworkins Distinction Between Ethics and Morality - Essay Example Certainly, morals are informed by both â€Å"majorities† and â€Å"minorities†4 and it, therefore, makes sense that standards are set, regulated and enforced by via executive functions. For Dworkin, it is within this paradigm that the political community exists. The political community is a pivotal point of individual and collective identity. Depending on whether or not the political community is successful or not, members of the community will either perceive that the political community enhances the quality of our lives or limits it.5 According to Dworkin, morals and religions differ and conflict among groups and thus it is impossible to construct a universal legal or communal code that embodies all moral and religious ideologies and values. Thus, political communities set limits and standards for all.6 In this regard, Dworkin’s conceptualization of the relationship between morality and ethics explains the relationship between morality and the law in a way that is consistent with Rawls’ idea of justice.7 For Rawls, justice is achieved by setting standards, but by avoiding prohibiting moral and religious beliefs that deviate from the established standards. A just society instead will tolerate the views of others.8 Similarly, Dworkin advocates for a political framework that takes a neutral stance in that it does not favor one set of religious or moral values over another.9 Rawls conceptualization of justice and the political community is more realistic than Dworkin’s theory. It is conceivable that a legal and/or political framework can set and enforce specific moral standards and at the same time recognize and tolerate other religious and moral standards that are different from the normative standard. This would accord with ideas of equality. Thus Rawls’ theory of political liberalism makes more sense than Dworkin’s theory of liberal community. Dworkin advocates for a neutral framework while admitting that it is impossible to formulate a universal moral code. Arguably, in order to be neutral, the political community’s framework must reflect the common values of all members of the community. The values and morals of some members of the political community will be left out since the liberal community must determine and set standards for all to follow. Therefore, Dworkin’s theory of liberal community is a bit contradictory. Nevertheless, Dworkin insists that law and the liberal community that informs the law is beneficial to members of the community because it formulates standards thus facilitating fairness and certainty. It also ensures that members of the community are treated equally and thus makes the community more sincere and enhances the moral rationale for the exercise of executive powers.10 The difficulty with this aspect of Dworkin’s reasoning, however, is that the executive may decide to treat all members of a community with equal oppression.11 In such a case, w ould the executive have a moral justification for the exercise of its powers? The answer according to Gough and Stables is found in Dworkin’s general assumption that the liberal community is structured around respect for rights and dignity of the members of the community.

Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reading - Assignment Example This is the ability to know the problems that the customers or clients are facing and making effort to improve the areas that will provide solutions to their problems. Another key element of an innovative organization is implementation. It is the organization being able to put suggestions and ideas into effect in order to solve the underlying problems. A creative person or creative group may possess the following traits; being original by resisting the normal conventions and systems due to the need of doing things which others have not. Creative people are highly motivated. They have energy to solve difficulties. They are ambitious, have strong determination and wishes to succeed in their undertakings (Dhillon, 2006). Creative people are highly flexible as they are able to recognize aspects of different issues and come up with good solutions and ideas. For groups to be creative they need to appreciate diversity of the members and allow different views and ideas in order to come up with creative solutions. Also, groups should foster collaborations in all activities and be able to compromise on different

Explain something that your major has trained you to do (Economics) Essay

Explain something that your major has trained you to do (Economics) - Essay Example The major distinguishing factor between an economist and a non economist is that, they have different perspective to see an event that can be as ordinary as picking some flower from the nearby market. This difference in view comes from the analytical economic forecasting that the subject teaches us to become a more rational human being. This forecasting can be made a lot complex if we consider forecasting through statistical data analysis and that might be a whole lot harder to explain to a non economist. Therefore the present article emphasis on economic logics that helps us to analyse a situation and determine the right time to take an action that might be related with economics. Analytical economic forecasting follows a chain of events that it tries to sew with one another to get to the optimum decision destination. It starts with considering the focused event and ancillary events that are present around that furthermore it tries to grasp the future events that might follow throug h in short or long run. Before moving into details it should be kept in mind that economics is a social science and any event in society that is substantially important to influence the surrounding will have an impact on the economy. Let us now analyse what sort of impact a rise in crude oil price might have on the economy from an economist point of view. To a non economist rise in crude oil price will definitely knock his head considering the higher price that he might have to pay now for gasoline; the fuel his car run on. However the wrinkles on his forehead and the anger that lays dormant deep into his heart will be multi fold if he considers the spiral of events that will follow suit a rise in crude oil price. United States of America is the largest consumer of crude oil and the third largest producer of the same. However the deficit that the country faces in terms of excess demand has to be met through import of crude oil from abroad. It is clear a rise in crude oil price will put burden on America’s balance of trade and that is not a good sign for already weakening dollars (Rand, 1-9). Crude oil is the prime form of energy in America so a price rise will result in rise in price of energy, domestic and industrial alike. Several industries nation wide (if we restrict our views beyond the national boundary) uses crude oil or its refined form diesel, petrol or gasoline as raw material; a rise in the price of the same will definitely raise the price of those related products. What would be the effect on household? A simple example can be, perishable and non perishable goods reach our market through goods vehicle that run on crude oil related products. A rise in the price of crude oil will make logistic costlier. This will reflect in higher price for the related goods such as vegetables, meats, milks and etc. Eventually this cost will have to be borne by the consumers as the producers are always in look out to shift this extra cost burden to the consume rs. This is the initiation of inflation spiral where rise in price for a product results in rise in price for other products and eventually within the economy a price related anarchy breaks down that seldom get tamed unless intervened by the government or the market force that is demand and supply interact with optimum speed to settle at a new equilibrium. The government might set a ceiling on price, or use subsidy. Whether in a free market mechanism the higher price might result in lower demand and greater supply and eventual settlement of price at a

Compare and contrast the presentation Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast the presentation Essay In both 1984 and The Handmaids Tale the past is constantly being made aware by the main characters in the novels, Winston and Offred. They struggle to live with the memories of the past, significant change since and their life compared to then and now. However Winston and Offred have different degrees in remembering the past, this is displayed through different techniques and language used. Winston uses dreams in 1984 to sub-consciously remember his past, he can picture particular imagery in his dreams, Winston remembered especially the very thin soles of his fathers shoes. But cannot remember what exactly happened to his mother, father and sister. We do not know if they were killed or taken away, when his mother had disappeared. The use of the word disappeared leaves not only us but Winston in limbo as to what happened to his family, it is distressing for Winston to not know exactly how or if they were killed. In his dreams Winston also appears to know that his sister and mother both sacrificed their lives for him but cannot remember exactly how and this guilt plagues him, His mothers memory tore at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish to love her in return The chance he had to acknowledge this selfless act has been taken away from him and could explain why he wants to know more of the past but is unable to do so in the society he lives in. However, the dreams Winston has are not always as troubling as the one above from this dream. Directly from the dream mentioned above he is, standing on short springy turf, on a summer evening when the slanting rays of the sun gilded the ground. This dream is much more pleasant than the other, with the imagery of a summer evening and the sun providing a short break from the bleakness in Oceania. This dream is still problematic for Winston however, he does not know if it was a real event or a dream. Ironically, the knowledge of the past Winston desires for he spends destroying and re-touching in his job. He is a clerk for the Ministry of Truth, where his job is to rewrite historical documents so that they match the current party line, this involves re-writing newspaper articles and re-touching photos. He who controls the past, controls the future. This is a party slogan and is one of the most poignant quotes, Winston does just this daily yet doesnt want to. Offreds past is constantly present throughout HMT and is used through the technique stream of consciousness. She connects things that she sees or smells in present day to those of the past and very early on in the novel she talks of her garden, I once had a garden. I can remember the smell of the turned earth, the plump shapes of bulbs held in the hands This is in contrast to Winstons past as she is sure of what hers is; the potent imagery used takes Offred back into her past and disconnects her from the present something which she desires frequently. Offred also thinks of her past with Luke and her child, these fond memories also remind her of how she took life for granted, How were we to know we were happy? Offred now craves even the simplest material things, she feels she has wasted her time in places e. g. hotel rooms and not even taken notice of the di cor, things to entertain her mind. Her regret of taking things for granted is often mentioned in the novel through things we often taken for granted to, The smell of nail polish has made me hungry. A simple cosmetic is now forbidden in her society yet she, and we, use it on a daily basis and have a readily supply. In both novels there are material objects which act as motifs and symbols of the past for Offred and Winston. In HMT Offred is given magazines from the past, by the Commander, which are now forbidden in Gilead, I wanted it with a force that made the ends of my fingers ache. This is again another example of the regret Offred has for not appreciating the little things she had in the past, and also an example of an object from the past which Offred would have read regularly but has no access to. In this instance another character is also affected by the past, the Commander. Some of us, he said, retain an appreciation for the old things. The Commander should not like the way women were in the past, he is part of the patriarchal group that set up Gilead in the first place to prevent women from having careers and being their own person. Yet he also has a love for the past, like Winston. He enjoyed women being women, looking feminine. The material object used to represent the past in 1984 has a more influential placing in the novel. A paperweight, bought in the prole district by Winston, is his way of trying to rekindle his connection with the past. Thats what I like about it. Its a little chunk of history that theyve forgotten to alter. Its a message from a hundred years ago, if one knew how to read it Symbolically, when Winston is arrested by the Thought Police the paperweight is smashed into tiny little pieces. This foreshadows later events when Winston is actually tortured into believing the same way as the party, and forgetting his urge to know more of the past. In conclusion the past in both 1984 and HMT are represented through dreams and flashbacks for both the main characters. This representation is seen constantly throughout the novel and we are reminded that the past holds memories, however minor, for both characters. Both Winston and Offred have lost the past and seem unable to get it back, even though they long for it.

Essay --

the UK. Section 2 (2)9 provides for the making of delegated legislation in order to implement EU obligations10 . Furthermore, section 2 (4) states that ‘†¦.any enactment passed or to be passed, other than one to be contained in this part of this act shall be construed and have effect subject to the foregoing provisions of this section’.11 This section requires EU law to have primacy over existing and future domestic legislation. This gives effect to the doctrine of the supremacy of EU law. As a consequence of the rule in Section 2 (4) all primary legislation enacted by Parliament was to be interpreted by all courts according the EU law requirements. This obliges the courts to disregard legislation which is inconsistent with EU law. The case of Costa v ENEL12 introduced the doctrine of supremacy. In this case, the European Court of Justice confirmed that community law prevails over any national law of member states that is incompatible with it. In this case it was said: ‘By contrast with ordinary treaties, the E.E.C Treaty has created its own legal system which on entry into force of the treaty becomes an integral part of the legal systems of the member states and which their courts are bound to apply’. In the key case of Factortame (No 2)13, The House of Lords accepted the supremacy of EU law in 1991 and gave effect to Community law that was incompatible with an Act of Parliament. In this case, UK legislation violated community rights concerning discrimination and the free movement of workers. The House of Lords were in a position where they had to choose whether to apply an Act of Parliament or community law. As a result the House of Lords held the Merchant Shipping Act 1988 as invalid as it was in direct conflict ... ...membership of the European Union has undoubtedly limited Parliament’s power of supremacy as it prevails over any national law that is in conflict 14 Vauxhall Estate Ltd v Liverpool Corporation [1932] DC 15 Constitutional and Administrative law, Alex Carroll, 7th edition, 2013, Pearson Education Limited p.95 16 Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 17 Constitutional and Administrative law, Alex Carroll, 7th edition, 2013, Pearson Education Limited p.60 4Constitutional and Administrative law 153642 with it. The UK Parliament is still able to withdraw the UK from the membership of the European Union because it was a voluntary act for the UK to join the EU’s legal order. However no longer is domestic law the only law applicable in the UK, times have changed and it is clear that the membership of the European Union has weakened Parliamentary supremacy.

Because I could Not Stop for Death values

â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† Emily Dickinson During the start of the realist movement, Emily Dickinson wrote â€Å"Because I could Not Stop for Death,† questioning the communal values of religion and eternity. The poem, at first, looks to be about the eternal afterlife, but with closer inspection of the language, (i. e. â€Å"Surmised† is a word of uncertainty) we find that she is actually not sure about the eternity of afterlife and all it entails. The 19th century was the beginning of a new era. Science and religion were beginning to intersect and to ome, clash.Dickinson's poem, in a way, is a direct comparison of this battle, as she is obviously struggling with idea of eternity and the traditional belief of the afterlife being heaven or hell. Dickinson uses realism in this poem by speaking of the reality of death, an event every living thing will experience, while using symbolism and personification. Death is personified as a gentleman who is gent ly taking her on a carriage ride. The first two lines, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death/He kindly stopped for me-â€Å"(Dickinson, Line -2) symbolizes that the narrator has died but not on her own terms.She was not prepared for death, but Death â€Å"kindly' stopped for her. Dickinson personifies death, but is talking about the actual event of dying. Unlike the common fear among society of death, this Journey is calm and peaceful: â€Å"He knew no haste† (Dickinson, Line 5) and â€Å"For His Civility' (Dickinson Line 8) are phrases used to describe the gentle nature of death. On her Journey, she reflects the stages of her life. â€Å"We passed the School, where Children strove† (Dickinson,line 9) represents her childhood or youth.We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain† (Dickinson,line 1 1) represents the maturity of adulthood, and â€Å"We passed the Setting Sun† (Dickinson, line 12) represents the end. All of these events are common to everyone; childhood, adulthood, and death. Carol Frost writes, â€Å"There are no lectures and no overt theological speculations†¦ † . Hidden under the symbolism, lies only the process of dying. The poem questions the traditional values of religion and the beliefs that after death, comes eternity in a heavenly paradise.She is not accompanied by angels, here is no light leading to eternity, or visions of God reaching out his hands to embrace ner returning soul. Her actual beliets are unclear, but sne was clearly not religious. â€Å"Emily Dickenson lived in a time defined by the struggle to reconcile traditional Christian beliefs with newly emerging scientific concepts, the most influential being Darwinism. Dickinson's struggles with faith and doubt reflect her society's diverse perceptions of God, nature, and humankind. † (The Church). The scene as she comes closer to her destination is slowly getting dark and cold.We passed the Setting Sun/Or rather-He passed US† an d â€Å"The Dews drew quivering and chill† (Dickinson, lines 12-14) represent the leaving of the physical world and entering a dreary existence. At first, death was kind and now he's lured her into the darkness. A common belief among religious people is that when one dies, they enter a euphoric afterlife. As she reflects on the day of her death, she says, â€Å"Since then-tis Centuries- and yet/Feels shorter than the day/' first surmised the Horses' Heads/Were toward Eternity-â€Å"(Dickinson, lines 21-24).Dickinson gives no clear answer about her existence after death, but by the tone, she does not appear to be in a magical place. She also leaves the answer open to the reader's imagination by saying the centuries seemed shorter than the day she assumed she was going towards eternity. The 19th century introduced the ideology that mankind's creation had scientific explanations, and the beginning of the realist movement. These events mixed with Dickinson's already formed skep ticism, resulted in the creation of, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†.