Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory Essay -- Hunger Memory Rodriguez

Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory The universal "growing pains" that totally children experiencein adept form or another are easily recognized in RichardRodriguezs autobiographical excerpt from Hunger of Memory. Rodriguezs childhood was particularly odd given the detailthat while he was born and raised in the United States, hewas strongly influenced in the heathenish environment of aSpanish family. Although the subscriber is introduced to lone(prenominal) ashort excerpt from the autobiography, he learns a great dealabout Rodriguezs family and his consanguinity to it, hisconflict of speechmaking face versus Spanish, and theparadox that became evident as he used English as hisprimary language. Furthermore, the reader learns thatRodriguezs experiences have contributed to his beliefs thata bilingual education is harmful.&9First of all, Richard Rodriguez came from a familywhere his parents had been born and raised in Mexico. Aftermoving and settling in America, Rodrigu ezs parents gavebirth to him and his siblings. Rodriguez refers some(prenominal) timesto "los gringos" , a colloquial, uncomplimentary name chargedwith "bitterness and distrust" with which his fatherdescribed English speaking Americans. This evidence made itapparent to the reader that definite animosity existed mingled with his parents and the society around them. Resultingly, culture into the American culture was nota very comfortable process for his parents. Despite this,the writers parents created a comfortable haven for him andhis siblings in their adopted country. The author shareswith the reader how close and tightly-knit his family was.He describes in numerous instances the "special feeling ofcloseness" that he share with his family. He also mentionsthe fact that he used to feel a "desperate, urgent, intense"feeling of wanting to be home. Spending time at home,speaking his "personal" language of Spanish, and universe withhis family gave Rodriguez comfort and a feeling of base hitthat was not felt outside of his home. &9Rodriguez was forced to leave that comfort and safetyevery morning though once he began attending school. Theauthor describes hearing the cold, harsh sounds of the English language and wishing that... ...ory and viewpoints,allowing the reader to make his or her own personal sentiment regarding the issue. Rodriguez explains that"While one suffers a diminished sense of privateindividualism by becoming assimilated into domain society,such assimilation makes possible the achievement of publicindividualism" (39).&9Finally, it was the contrast between the home and the school settings that gave the reader a very clearunderstanding of the authors conduct experience. finished thetechnique of flashback, the author describes how thedichotomy that existed between his home identity and hissocial identity shaped the "public" individual that he hadbecome. While the reader is subjected to only a shortexcerpt from Richard Rodriguezs autobiography, herecognizes, specifically, that it was this inner core of thefamily setting that Rodriguez struggled with the trial ofgrowing up as an American citizen. Without this familysetting, he would not have confronted the same obstaclesthat influenced who he became without the school setting hewould never have grown beyond the sheltered life from whichhe came. Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory Essay -- Hunger Memory Rodriguez Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory The universal "growing pains" that all children experiencein one form or another are easily recognized in RichardRodriguezs autobiographical excerpt from Hunger of Memory. Rodriguezs childhood was particularly unique given the factthat while he was born and raised in the United States, hewas strongly influenced in the ethnic environment of aSpanish family. Although the reader is introduced to only ashort excerpt from the autobiography, he learns a great dealabout Rodriguezs family and his relationship to it, hisconflict of speaking English versus Spanish, and theparadox that became evident as he used English as hisprimary language. Furthermore, the reader learns thatRodriguezs experiences have contributed to his beliefs thata bilingual education is harmful.&9First of all, Richard Rodriguez came from a familywhere his parents had been born and raised in Mexico. Aftermoving and settling in America, Rodriguezs parents gavebirth to him and his siblings. Rodriguez refers many timesto "los gringos" , a colloquial, derogatory name chargedwith "bitterness and distrust" with which his fatherdescribed English speaking Americans. This evidence made itapparent to the reader that definite animosity existedbetween his parents and the society around them. Resultingly, assimilation into the American culture was nota very comfortable process for his parents. Despite this,the authors parents created a comfortable haven for him andhis siblings in their adopted country. The author shareswith the reader how close and tightly-knit his family was.He describes in numerous instances the "special feeling ofcloseness" that he shared with his family. He also mentionsthe fact that he used to feel a "desperate, urgent, intense"feeling of wanting to be home. Spending time at home,speaking his "personal" language of Spanish, and being withhis family gave Rodriguez comfort and a feeling of safetythat was not felt outside of his home. &9Rodriguez was forced to leave that comfort and safetyevery morning though once he began attending school. Theauthor describes hearing the cold, harsh sounds of the English language and wishing that... ...ory and viewpoints,allowing the reader to make his or her own personaljudgment regarding the issue. Rodriguez explains that"While one suffers a diminished sense of privateindividualism by becoming assimilated into public society,such assimilation makes possibl e the achievement of publicindividualism" (39).&9Finally, it was the contrast between the home and the school settings that gave the reader a very clearunderstanding of the authors life experience. Through thetechnique of flashback, the author describes how thedichotomy that existed between his home identity and hissocial identity shaped the "public" individual that he hadbecome. While the reader is subjected to only a shortexcerpt from Richard Rodriguezs autobiography, herecognizes, specifically, that it was this inner core of thefamily setting that Rodriguez struggled with the trial ofgrowing up as an American citizen. Without this familysetting, he would not have confronted the same obstaclesthat influenced who he became without the school setting hewould never have grown beyond the sheltered life from whichhe came.

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Essays

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of playlet Ofel Alas, what a change is this? Ham But if thou wilt needes marry, marry a foole, For wisemen know well enough, What monsters you make of them, to a Nunnery goe. Ofel Pray God restore him. Ham Nay, I have heard of your painting too, God hath giuen you one face, And you make your selues another, --HAMLET, Prince of Denmarke, The First Quarto The form of address page of the second quarto of Hamlet claims that the textbook beneath it is Newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much / againe as it was, according to the true and perfect / Coppie. Taking this at face value, three facts demand follow That there is at least one earlier edition (or else this one could not be newly imprinted...again) that the earlier edition was shorter (or else this one could not be enlarged) and that this quarto does not include some lines from the perfect Coppie (since it is almost as much). Indeed, a First Quarto exists dated a year earl ier (1603) Q1 is shorter some 1600 lines and the Folio does restore certain seemingly authorial passages. It appears as if I.R., the printer, or N.L., the publisher, is correct on all possible counts. We cannot purge condemn I.R. or N.L. for self-interested advertising. They admit that their copy is almost, but not quite, perfect.* Thus we might wish to take seriously one further point that the title page tries to make, namely, that the earlier quarto was neither true nor perfect, and therefore is corrupted not simply in its brevity, but also in the presentation of the text which it actually does contain. This would mean that Q1 did not use the true and perfect Coppie as its copy-text. It does not seem preposterous to rephras... ...ay. The strategic early placing of the To be or not to be, I theres the point monologue gives it less weight than it has in Q2, as if it were the beginning of Hamlets train of thought as opposed to the turning point we ofttimes think it is when we take aim a modern edition. Indeed, the point is more absolute than the question. Hamlet does not fight with himself to solve a line, but merely expresses what that problem is. To argue that this is oversimplification is to oversimplify it is a revision. It is an Elizabethan argument, positing that a truly revengeful Hamlet would definitely shy away from suicide for hope of salvation, part the confused avenger Hamlet would probably shy away from suicide for fear of punishment. That in itself sheds light on the pop psychology of the day, and thus how we ought to read Hamlets psychology in the context of its time.

Analysis of The Revolt of Mother Essay -- Analysis of The Revolt of Mo

Analysis of The Revolt of sire The Revolt of Mother by Mary Wilkins Freeman, was a story of a woman who lived in New England around or before the authors time. The mother, Sarah Penn, was kept out of the families decisions by the father, Adoniram Penn, until one event that lead to her taking drastic actions sequence her husband was gone. There are many religious symbols and actions taken by Mother within the story. Through the story Sarah moved from a feeling of servitude to her husband, to a feeling that she was in servitude to the Lords will and this led her, in the end, to hold power over her husband. The religious overtones start with the title of the story, The Revolt of Mother. The stimulate Mother in many stories is used to relate to a divine or spiritual woman. It could be a direct reference to Mother Mary, but in the mount of this story it is just meant to signify her clarity with what the Lord wants her to do. The word Revolt to a fault has religious significance whe n related with that use of Mother. The revolt that Mother takes is a religious one because it is going against her husband and towns beliefs, which are both the same. This becomes clear in the part of the story when the minister comes to twaddle to Sarah about what she has done. When the minister came to see Sarah on Friday after she had moved into the barn she was describe as having a saintly expression of her face(529). With that, and the fact that she acts so rude to him, especially since hes a minister, shows that she does believe she is right under the Lords will and he is not. The author also implies this by the name she gives to the minister, Mr. Hersey. His name sounds just like the word heresy and is spelled very similar. This is another indication that, in fact, the minister is going against the Lords own will and Sarah is not. The narrator has also described the minister as being a sickly man and that, he had scourge himself up to some of his pastoral duties as relent lessly as a Catholic ascetic(530). This seems harsh at first but it is just conveying the ignorance of the minister. In the times of this story the town would have to be Protestant or maybe even Puritan, but definitely not Catholic because it is set in early New England times and for the simple fact that he is a minister with a wife. The fact that he is referred to as a Cathol... ...other was able to start the revolt.By the end of the story Adoniram is not in power. This medical prognosis is shown through how Father lacked the power to even remove his jacket, even though he is described as having a sturdily healthy(531) frame. He is also not referred to as father, but as an old man. Because old people are usually represented as being weaker and more needing of help, Father takes on the position of lesser power in the family. So because Sarah moved from Adonirams servitude to the Lords, father falls to a lesser power. It is in this position that he gives into his wife and builds w indows and partitions as she asks.In the end Sarah has moved from servitude to a position of power in the family. And Adoniram has fallen from his position of not listening to what Sarah wants to one of submission to her needs. plainly there hasnt been sufficient foundation laid by Sarah to foreshadow that it will stay this way forever. First because the majority of the revolt took place when Adoniram was absent, so it was easier for her to make this transition. But mainly because as the name implies this was only a revolt. Just because you won a revolt doesnt mean youve won the war.

Shakespeares Hamlet - Horatio, Hamlet’s Dearest Friend Essay -- GCSE

Horatio crossroadss Dearest Friend In Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet there are many characters who can be charge of many sins exactly not Horatio. Rightfully Hamlet compliments Horatio on his nobility and dignity he is indeed a faithful friend. This essay allow for highlight this ideal friendship as part of a general consideration of Horatio. Cumberland Clark in The Supernatural in Hamlet describes Horatios reaction when the prince intends to come in the ghost Hamlet addresses the spirit, which beckons him to follow it. Horatio tries to dissuade the willing Prince, for ghosts were credited with the vile intention of enticing men to their self-destruction (I.4.69-74) What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful hint of the clif That beetles oer his base into the sea And there assume some other horrible form, Which might deprive your seovereignty of reason And draw you into madness? . . . Hamlet obeys the Ghosts command to follow him, ignoring the protest of Horatio, who is much relieved, on coming up with him later, to find him safe (101). Who is the plays historian? no(prenominal) other than Horatio. In the first scene Horatio gives a detailed history of what has gone before regarding King Hamlet Our last king, Whose image even but now appeard to us, Was, as you know, by Fortinbras of Norway, Thereto prickd on by a most emulate pride, Dared to the combat in which our valiant Hamlet-- For so this side of our know world esteemd him-- Did slay this Fortinbras who by a seald compact, Well ratified by law and heraldry, Did forfeit, with his life, all those his lands Which he stood seized of, to ... ...on Frank Cass & Co., Ltd., 1964. p.14-16. http//www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/essayson.htmdemag-ess N. pag. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html West, Rebecca. A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption. Readings on Hamlet. Ed. take up Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 1957. Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. Shakespeare. Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

The Subtext of Violence in Henry James The Wings of theDove: The Sacri

The Subtext of Violence in heat content James The locomote of theDove The Sacrificial CrisisA reading of Henry James 1902 novel The Wings of theDove is particularly fitting for this issue ofSchuylkill for several reasons. This late novel is rife withrepresentations of multiple, often overlapping subject positionsthat the close reader is squeeze to reckon with. These subjectpositions include, but atomic number 18 not limited to, James as authorand as a self-referring subject of the novels Preface,who perceives and performs outside of the designation of author.The reader must likewise consider James unreliable narrator as asubject who functions as both detached observer and protagonist,and whose equivocal rendering of events includes labyrinthineaccounts of the contents of other characters consciousness. Andfinally, we the reader, are rendered subject to our own ambivalentinterpretation of events. James complex representation of so manysubject positions has, not surprisingly, earn ed his late work thereputation of being difficult. However the student of humansubject formation enjoys a uniquely Jamesian-inspired jouissanceif he or she is persistent and enjoys a good slow read.In this paper I hope to show how James offers the reader aparticipatory glimpse into the complex mechanics of human subjectformation. I argue that The Wings of the Dove re-presentswhat anthropological literary critic Rene Girard terms thesacrificial crisis, an act of wildness that is endorsed andenacted by a community--a bloody ritual whose sole purpose is torestore harmony to the community, to reinforce the socialfabric...and establish order(8).According to Rene Girard in Violence and the Sacred,violence proliferates within a community when social distinctionsamong individuals or groups become confused or are contested. Morespecifically, when the established social hierarchy is challengedthrough rivalries, jealousies, quarrels and acts of dissent,community infighting escalates into reci procal acts of vengeanceand retribution. Community violence is contained, says Girard, bya collectively sanctioned, climactic event--the blood sacrifice.The blood sacrifice is a unanimous yet limited act of violencevented upon that representative of the community who is deemedresponsible for the eruption of internal discord.In other words, a scapegoat is selected by the group. Thissacrificial subst... ...he processof finding a surrogate victim constitutes a major means... by whichmen expel from their consciousness the truth about their violentnature...(82-83).The bad violence inherent in Kates enterprise has notactually been eliminated--the potential for someone else to deviseand successfully execute a similarly ambiguous plan still existsafter we close the set aside (in fact such a plan is executed by MaggieVerver, the heroine of James last novel The Golden Bowl--thenovel which has been called the novel to end all novels). But inThe Wings of the Dove James contains and controls t heviolence temporarily, thus taking the place of and serving the sameancient function as the primitive blood sacrifice.Works citedAllen, Elizabeth. A Womans Place in the Novels ofHenry James. capital of the United Kingdom Macmillan Press, 1983. Brooks, Van Wyck. Two Phases of Henry James. In TheQuestion of Henry James A Collection of Essays. Ed. F.W.Dupee. New York Holt, 1945. 120-27. Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. PatrickGregory. Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP, 1972. James, Henry. The Wings of the Dove. Ed. J. DonaldCrowley and Richard A. Hocks. New York W.W. Norton and Company,1978.

The Subtext of Violence in Henry James The Wings of theDove: The Sacri

The Subtext of Violence in Henry crowd together The fly of theDove The Sacrificial CrisisA reading of Henry James 1902 novel The Wings of theDove is particularly fitting for this issue ofSchuylkill for several reasons. This late novel is rife withrepresentations of multiple, often overlapping subject positionsthat the close reader is forced to reckon with. These subjectpositions include, however are not limited to, James as authorand as a self-referring subject of the novels Preface,who perceives and performs outside of the designation of author.The reader must also consider James fallible narrator as asubject who functions as both detached observer and protagonist,and whose equivocal rendering of events includes labyrinthineaccounts of the contents of other characters consciousness. Andfinally, we the reader, are rendered subject to our aver ambivalentinterpretation of events. James complex representation of so manysubject positions has, not surprisingly, earned his late work th ereputation of being difficult. However the student of humansubject formation enjoys a uniquely Jamesian-inspired jouissanceif he or she is persistent and enjoys a good slow read.In this paper I hope to show how James offers the reader aparticipatory glimpse into the complex chemical mechanism of human subjectformation. I argue that The Wings of the Dove re-presentswhat anthropological literary critic Rene Girard terms thesacrificial crisis, an act of violence that is endorsed andenacted by a community--a damn ritual whose sole purpose is torestore harmony to the community, to reinforce the neighborlyfabric...and establish order(8).According to Rene Girard in Violence and the Sacred,violence proliferates within a community when social distinctionsamong individuals or groups become confused or are contested. Morespecifically, when the established social hierarchy is challengedthrough rivalries, jealousies, quarrels and acts of dissent,community infighting escalates into reciprocal acts of vengeanceand retribution. Community violence is contained, says Girard, bya collectively sanctioned, climactic event--the consanguinity sacrifice.The blood sacrifice is a unanimous yet limited act of violencevented upon that representative of the community who is deemedresponsible for the eruption of internal discord.In other words, a scapegoat is selected by the group. Thissacrificial subst... ...he processof finding a surrogate victim constitutes a major means... by whichmen expel from their consciousness the truth about their violentnature...(82-83).The bad violence inherent in Kates enterprise has notactually been eliminated--the potential for someone else to deviseand successfully execute a similarly ambiguous plan still existsafter we close the book (in fact much(prenominal) a plan is executed by MaggieVerver, the heroine of James last novel The Golden Bowl--thenovel which has been called the novel to end all novels). But inThe Wings of the Dove James contains and controls theviolence temporarily, thus taking the place of and serving the sameancient function as the primitive blood sacrifice.Works citedAllen, Elizabeth. A Womans Place in the Novels ofHenry James. London Macmillan Press, 1983. Brooks, Van Wyck. cardinal Phases of Henry James. In TheQuestion of Henry James A Collection of Essays. Ed. F.W.Dupee. New York Holt, 1945. 120-27. Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. PatrickGregory. Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP, 1972. James, Henry. The Wings of the Dove. Ed. J. DonaldCrowley and Richard A. Hocks. New York W.W. Norton and Company,1978.

Historical

Web Case Book on BELOVED by Toni Morrison 2007 English De separatement, Millikin University, Decatur, IL http//www. millikin. edu/english/ making love/Baynar-historical-essay1. html Toni Morrisons sexual love Institutionalized Trauma, Selfhood, and Familial and Communal Structure by Klay Baynar Toni Morrisons Pulitzer Prize winning impudent Beloved is, in fact, a historical novel. It is based on a documented event involving fugitive slave, Margaret Garner, who was arrested for killing one of her children rather than returning her daughter to the dismal life of a slave.Readers might ask themselves why an Afri raise American woman would choose to focus her writing on a devastating act of violence at bottom an African American family as opposed to focusing on the white aggression that ran rampant by means of extraneous the time stage of the novel. How eer, by focusing Beloved on the infanticide committed by a newly freed black mother, Morrison is able to communicate a strong mess age, the importance of which spans from the Reconstruction era in the nonmodern South to racially charged issues in modern America.Morrison implicitly shows throughout the novel that the psychological effects of thrall on the individual, as well as the whole slave community, were far more damaging than even the worst physical sufferings. In Beloved, Morrison uses symbolism to depict the atrocities of white oppression that caused the loss of African American humanity while also focusing on how the African American community came together to deal with the traumas of the historical, thus reclaiming their selfhood.The African American obscure acts as a strong symbol of a white dominant society throughout the novel. During the Reconstruction era, black Americans were forced behind this blot out that allowed them to that see themselves from the white mans point of view. Hofstra Universitys James Berger cites W. E. B. Du Boiss The Souls of Black Folks, writing the American Negro, bor n with a veil can achieve no true self-consciousness but can only see himself through the revelation of the other i. . white world (410). Morrison herself recognizes this veil by noning that slaves narrators, defining the experience to make it palatable for white readers, dropped a veil over their interior life (Rody 97). This veil represents the unyielding ideologies of white oppression that were exercised throughout the period of sla actually and the Baynar 2 period of intense racial tension that followed the Civil War.In Beloved, Morrison writes a false removal of this veil for both Sethe and Baby Suggs. This removal is foreshadowed by the imagery of the Book of Revelation (four horsemen) in the beginning of the infanticide chapter (Berger 409). When Sethe sees the four horsemen coming to retrieve her and her children and return them to slavery, Morrison reveals the thoughts of a black mother when faced with returning to slavery And if she thought anything, it was No. No. Nono . Nonono. Simple. She just flew.Collected any bit of life she had made, all the parts of her that were precious and fine and beautiful, and carried, pushed, dragged them through the veil, out, a federal agency, over there where no one could hurt them. Over there. Outside this place, where they would be safe. (Morrison 192) Due to continuing white oppression afterwards slavery, Sethe believed that the only way to make her children safe was through death. In killing her daughter, Sethe frees her from living a life of dehumanizing slavery. However, this act of violence did nothing to remove the veil.What makes the infanticide a false removal of Sethes family from oppression is that the very event that was meant to remove the facade of free and equal blacks (infanticide) actually trapped Sethes family in a state where no subjective self could ever be achieved. This familial meltdown stopped hi novel in its tracks. It forces Sethe and Denver into a repressive state in which retiring(a ) traumas are lost. When Denver finds out about that day, she becomes deaf and dumb, unwilling to face the horrible traumas of the ult.Sethe represses any and all memories of the past, only allowing them to resurface with the appearance of capital of Minnesota D and the expulsion of the ghost. Even Paul D has repressed memories, represented by his tobacco tin It was some time before he could put Alfred, Georgia, Sixo, schoolteacher, Halle, his brothers, Sethe, Mister, the taste of iron, the sight of butter, the smell of hickory, notebook paper, one by one, into the tobacco tin lodged in his chest. (Morrison 133) However, Sethe and her family were not the only people that fell victim to the veil of oppression.White dominance also reappeared for Baby Suggs on the day of the infanticide. When they came in my yard (Morrison 211), Baby Suggs realized that no African American is truly free. Not in a free state, not after slavery, not ever. Baby Suggss sense of self was unmade that day w hen she realized the freedom she thought she was living was false (Boudreau 460). Being a motive slave herself, she understood the colonizing ideologies that slavery entailed. When she last(a)ly became free, she was able to claim her own humanity She couldnt stop laughing. My hearts beating, she said. And it was true (Morrison 166). In this part of the novel, Morrison shows that, for a formerly colonized people, a free identity is only obtained through decolonization. The decolonization of the African American people required the retrieval of past traumas. In In Our Glory P bouncyography and Black Life, bell hooks writes that decolonizationcalls us back to the past and offers a way to reclaim and reclaim life-affirming bonds (183). So, the key to African American subjectivity lies in the past. This idea is explicitly shown when Paul DsBaynar 3 tobacco tin, the item in which he locks away the past, bursts open. Sitting on the front steps of a church drinking liquor, His tobacco ti n, blown open, spilled capacitances that floated freely and made him their play and prey (Morrison 258). The content that follows is all of Paul Ds memories. With his tobacco tin open, he is forced to face his past, finally able to free himself and move on towards the future. Rememory in the novel explicates the idea that no trauma is ever ones own, but are shared among groups of people. Rememory works as a collective way for a community to decolonize themselves (Elliot 183). Sethe explains rememory, saying that, If a house burns down, its gone, but the placethe picture of itstays, and not just in my rememory, but out there, in the worldSomeday you be walking down the road and you hear something or see something going onAnd you think its you thinking it upBut no. Its when you bump into a rememory that belongs to somebody else. (Morrison 43) A rememory is someones individual experience that hangs around comparable a picture.It can enter someone elses rememory and complicate ones co nsciousness and identity (Rody 101). Rememory is what connects the past with the present, realizing a collective memory that a community uses as a tool to help cope with past traumas. The collective management of these past traumas is best seen at the Clearing. Baby Suggs, holy, followed by every black man, woman and childtook her great heart to the Clearinglaughing children, dancing men, crying women and then it got mixed up (Morrison 103).Baby Suggs led the community in a therapy session of sorts in order to release bottled up emotions. The Clearing was a place in which the community could go and work through past experiences with the help of everyone, a place to deal with the past in order to love in the present and plan for the future. This idea is revisited at the end of the novel as well. If Beloved represents the manifestation of the day of the infanticide, the day that 124 died and the visits to the Clearing ended, the end of the novel shows how the community comes together again to expel her from 124.Beloved and Sethe looked out the window and dictum Denver sitting on the steps and beyond her, where the yard met the road, they saw the rapt faces of thirty neighborhood women. Some had their eyes closed others looked at the hot cloudless(prenominal) sky (Morrison 308). With this scene, Morrison expresses a positive example of African American communal unity. Beloved is not a novel that is confined in center to the Reconstruction era. The publication of the Moynihan report in 1965 sparked a racial controversy regarding the dysfunctional nature of the African American family.Daniel Moynihan reported that The family structure of lower human body Negroes is highly unstable, and in many urban centers is approaching complete breakdown (Moynihan). This report resulted in a political divide regarding ply that lasted well into the eighties The discourse of race in the 1980s, then, was constrained by a double denial Reaganist conservatives denied American ra cism and descendants of the New Left denied any dysfunction within African American communities. (Berger 414) Sethes family is certainly dysfunctional A single mother working a low paying job who thenBaynar 4 suffers a mental breakdown. Both of her sons ran away, never to be seen again. Sethe murdered one of her daughters and the other is incapable of leaving the yard. The familys dysfunction stems from their unwillingness to face the ghosts of past traumas. The historical parallel to this are the far right and far left ideologies of racial denial. Beloved represents racial violence in America, willing to return unless the general nature of racism is addressed. If traumas are repressed and not worked out, their effects will never go away.The ending pages of the novel give the most powerful pattern of the results of historical repression. They forgot her like a bad dream. After they made up their tales, shaped and decorated them, those that saw her that day on the porch quickly and deliberately forgot her. It took endless for those who had spoken to her, lived with her, fallen in love with herSo in the end, they forgot her too. Remembering seemed unwise. (Morrison 323-324) Beloved has again been repressed, forced to fade into the subconscious of everyone that had known her. Morrison uses this to parallel race in America.When Beloved was published, Reaganist conservatives denied American racism. Slavery is such a profound black mark in American history, it is better left forgotten retentivity would be unwise. However, if slavery and legal white oppression are allowed to be forgotten, there is nothing standing in the way of their return. Morrison creates a paradox with this idea. The final chapters structure is set up with an initial couple paragraphs explaining that everyone eventually forgot about Beloved. Following these paragraphs was a sentence meant to justify the forgetting This is not a story to pass on (Morrison 324).However, this line is a contradic tion. The story that shouldnt have been passed on is a best-selling novel and is dedicated to Sixty Million and more. By repressing a historical trauma, it is allowed to return. The very last word of the novel, Beloved, attests to that claim. Especially when in regards to racism, Only if traumas are remembered can they lose, gradually but never entirely, their traumatic effects (Berger 415). Slave owning ideologies caused intense institutionalized trauma, the damage of which has lasted long after slavery was abolished.Indoctrinated with white ideas about how to view themselves, newly freed African Americans found the veil cast upon their identity difficult to cast aside. Dealing with the past traumas of slavery in a white dominant society required the effort of not only the individual, but also the African American community. Being able to reflect upon past traumas of oppression allowed the community and the individual to move towards a less traumatic future. However, the historica l period in which Morrison wrote Beloved suggests that American society, both white and black, have forgotten how to manage the issue of race.Morrisons ideas concerning the veil, rememory of trauma, and her portrayal of communal and familial structure exemplify the idea that the key to African American societal progression is the recognition of the past. Works Cited Berger, James. Ghosts of Liberalism Morrisons Beloved and the Moynihan Report. PMLA 111. 3 (1996) 408-420. Boudreau, Kristin. hurt and the Unmaking of Self in Toni Morrisons Beloved. Contemporary Baynar 5 Literature 36. 3 (1995) 447-465. Elliot, Mary Jane. Postcolonial Experience in a Domestic Context Commodified Subjectivity in Toni Morrisons Beloved. MELUS 20. 3/4 (2000) 181-202. hooks, bell. In Our Glory Photography and Black Life Picturing Texts. Ed. Lester Faigley, Diana George, Anna Palchik, Cynthia Selfe. New York W. W. Norton, 2004. 175183. Morrison, Toni. Beloved. 1987. New York Vintage International, 2004. M oynihan, Daniel. The Negro Family The Case For case Action. March 1965. 20 Nov. 2007 . Rody, Caroline. Toni Morrisons Beloved History, Rememory, and a Clamour for a Kiss. American Literary History 7. 1 (1995) 92-119.

Market Development

In this report I will be analysing and comparing the marketing techniques utilize by ASDA and Cancer Research UK taking into account the similarities and differences between them and how they contribute to the companys success. Igor Ansoff developed a description of the strategies available for growing in a business in 1957. He capture identified for categories for the growth of the business these be market place Penetration, Market maturation, Product development and Diversification.Ansoff used these quadruple categories in a matrix to show how the opportunities differ in term of new and existing harvest-feasts and markets. Marketing Techniques used by ASDA Market Penetration What is Market Penetration? Market Penetration is when increasing market share of an existing product, or promoting a new product, through strategies such as bundling, extensive advertising, visit prices, or volume discounts. ASDA uses TV adverts to tug their product. Advertising on TV will catch the i nterest of their customers as it will have sound and colour.They also use their own website to advertise. By having a website it will allow their customers to see what products they have with prices and also to shop online. They also let their customer know what product they have and also to promote by giving out leaflets. To make certain that their new products are trustworthy ASDA will have samples for their customers to try. ASDA will advertise their business by using newspapers and Billboards. ASDA should advertise as much as possible for the business to run for a long term.They also make sure that they are presenting their brands well from till receipts, plastic bags and staff uniform. Cancer Research sells its existing products into existing markets by advertising their new campaigns such Race for animateness. The charity advertises their campaigns on TVs, Newspapers, Leaflets, Charity shops, posters, billboards on busses and using their own website. Cancer research uses th ese methods of advertising to increase the awareness and encourage people to donate. Tesco have supported Race For Life for ten years, which has contributed to Cancer Research UK raising over ? 62m for the fight against cancer sine the series began in 1994. Tesco now is working(a) in partnership with Cancer Research to recruit 1 million women and raise ? 80million to fund life-saving work. Market Development What is Market Development? Market Development is a marketing technique aimed at increasing a companys market in order to widen the customer base for the plan of selling more products. ASDA is continuing to open new stores in UK. They are now planning to open ASDA in Tottenham High Street.Opening new stores gives the fancy of them doing really well in the business and is meeting the needs of their customers. They also advertise themselves online and in the store. However, they can use different languages on website for the people who are not able to understand English. As the re are different ethnic backgrounds in UK, Cancer research should have different languages available in their website. This will allow them to attract more people to the charity from different ethnics. Cancer research can also operate overseas such as Europe. This will help to

The American Business Society

Ameri usher aside business is in dire straits and the blame is being heaped on its leading or, much aptly, the lack thereof. there be probably no fewer business leaders today than there were 50 days ago. There is non a shortage of good people, tho maybe a lack of the right kind of people. People with the skills necessary to drive companies forward in a thoroughly different and rapidly changing world. I regain a leader should eat up several essential attri andes Trust. Leaders moldiness be trustworthy, and they must trust their people, also. Vision. The nuts and bolts of running a business. Leaders must know where they want the company to be in the future. Also, get the whole company to office that vision. Leaders support to set the direction and get the company headed that way. Commitment. There will always be disloyalty among employees, but leaders need to seen as feel for and nurturing. Integrity. A leader cant lack integrity and still have people follow. Leaders must have values. They must have allegiance to do what is right. The values of an organization are manifested on what a leader does. Creative Ability. Leaders must be positive. Always looking for possibilities, not perfection. This nub that they must be open to different ways of doing things. Communication. A good leader is in constant communication with his or her people. He or she makes the rounds and knows whats going on. Telling his people everything he can nigh what he knows and doesnt know. Risk Taking. It is essential to be open to possibilities, and to question assumptions. Always discontinue people to be innovative without the fear of failure.AIDS is one of the near pervasive and difficult workplace electric receptacles. The community, not only for their life-style, rejects people with AIDS but also because the disease is incurable. AIDS is an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease caused by a virus that attacks the bodys ability to fight off infection. It now comes to be called HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. If a psyche is tested positive with the antibodies they are designated HIV+. It is presumable they have been exposed or have acquired the AIDS virus.The increase straw man of AIDS in the workplace has crystallized a number of concerns for both employers and employees. However, Title I of the American with Disabilities cause covers those infected. The Act prohibits discriminating against individual with AIDS.States have different employment laws that apply to those infected. An employer can terminate someone from a job only if they cannot per sort the essential tasks required for with that job. The employer is required to make a reasonable accommodation to the individuals needs and requirements. Accommodation cannot be made if it will cause hardship to the business.Affirmative action was created 30 course of instructions age as a remedy for the under use of minority and female human resources in the workplace and class room. The term refers to active measures and passive nondiscrimination, as means of increasing the recruitment of minorities and ensuring equal opportunity. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the most comprehensive statute on civil rights ever enacted in the United States, banning discrimination in employment, voting, public accommodation, public education and all federal assisted programs.Executive Order 11246 requires that employers with federal contracts worth to a greater extent than $50,000 and 50 or more employees have written affirmative action plans. Affirmative action was once a bright synonym for equality of opportunity. In fresh years, it has been entered the political lexicon, as a sinister euphemism for reverse discrimination, a bitterly divisive issue.In recent years, affirmative action has appeared in politics. near politicians support either eliminating or revising it, including President Clinton, who supports a reform version of affirmative action. Chang es have already begun in some states and will disperse across the nation. Some critics view affirmative action as a departure from the principles of meritocracy and individual striving. Also they feel as a policy it in general hurts white men.With all the demographic changes occurring in our nation, it may be sentence to change affirmative action. The achievements of it have been great, but the premises that underlie it have changed and may require revising. The focus on affirmative action may provide with an opportunity to shift to affirming diversity.Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) a victim of age discrimination in entitled to be made whole, being placed in the position that he or she would have been in but for the discrimination. The act protects workers between the ages 40 and 70 from arbitrary age discrimination in employment. The ADEA encompasses issues of hiring, firing, pay, promotion and fringe benefits. In recent years, more and more employees hav e been register grievances under ADEA. Faced with expensive pensions and health costs, companies are trying to find ways to minimize their burden.The Older Workers win Protection Act (OWBPA) is an act that prohibits discrimination base on age in connection with all employee benefits programs. Older workers get the same benefits as the junior workers. Companies can ask outgoing workers to sign a waiver, not to sue for age discrimination. A company faces an indefinite future of court-mandated payments and damages if they are plant guilty of violating age discrimination regulations.The American ideology is base on capitalism. A capitalistic system is a system in which the means of occupation are privately owned. The market operates to guide production and distribute income. The terms free or private enterprise are used interchangeably with capitalism.The guess of capitalism is founded on two fundamental assumptions. One, people are capable of under dead ending the natural order of the universe. Two, the role of government in economy can and should be limited. These two barriers led economist to believe that all artificial barriers affect our economic behavior. If government or monopolists who enjoyed unnatural powers in the marketplace did not interfere, the market would benefit everyone in society.All activities in a free enterprise must return a profit. However, free enterprise is never on the whole pure. Every nation has values and goals that place it on a continuum between free enterprise and a planned economy. Each determines where it lays on the continuum by the anteriority it gives to specific values and goals.It is never too early or too late to start planning for hideaway. Definitely, early is remediate. Starting any time is better than not starting at all. A large number of people are not saving and investing, as they should. The more a person saves now, the more options they will have later. Maybe a person wont be able to stop working comple tely, but they will not have to work as hard later. The dream of having a financially determine future is attainable, but there are a lot of sacrifices. To begin building a realistic financial plan that will allow you to retire with enough money, start with five basic dynamics1. Where do I stand now? That includes your personal savings and investments, your pension plans and your income prospects until retirement, as well as your debts and spending patterns.2. How much money youll need to retire? Figure that youll need most eighty percent of your income to maintain your lifestyle after your regular paychecks stop.3. Where will that money come from? Your regular paychecks.4. How much time remains until retirement? Your schema to achieve a worry-free retirement will depend on the target date youve set and how much progress youve made so far. A person can also shoot for an early retirement with the right planning.5. How much risk youre willing to take? When it comes to investing re tirement money, risk is a balancing act. If you take too little, your investment will not grow. But if you take too much, there will be a crack in your investment that will be too difficult to repair. The more time you have until retirement the more risk you maybe able to take. The less time you have, the more risk you may need to take.The message here is that is can be done. You can take control and plan for a financially secure future regardless of where you stand right now.A 401(k) is a tremendous two-fold tax shelter. Tax advantages number one Money you contribute to the plan, up to a yearly maximum, is subtracted from your taxable income.Tax advantages number two Funds inside you account grow tax-deferred until withdrawn. The IRS cant tax the earnings each year and you can keep more in the plan for long term compounding.I recommend a person start to invest in at least a 401(k) plan. It is the hottest retirement savings deal. It eases a tax shelter power and wealth building pote ntial. A 401(k) may be the single most important ingredient you can add to your retirement plan. With a 401(k), you can set aside a percentage of your salary, which your employer may match, in a retirement account you control. Money in the plan grows untaxed until you tap the account in retirement. If your investments do well, they win. If they dont, the nest egg will be smaller. In either case, you bear the risk.People find it difficult to make decisions about ethical issues. Ethical principles and standards vary widely among individuals, organizations and cultures. Business ethics are based on individual and collective moral decision making at every lever in the corporation. Standards for moral behavior are sometimes informal, but more often they explicit and embodied in a written document. Managers must decide which issues are important to them and how to identify and manage them. Here are some questions I think are important to ask one-self.1. Have I Defined the Problem Accurate ly? Make sure you have an agreement of the problem.2. How Would I Define the Problem From the Other Side? You must look at the issue from the perspective of those questioning your ethics.3. How Did This Situation Occur? Look into the memorial of the situation. Make sure there is a real problem and not symptoms.4. How Does My Intention Compare with the Likely Results? Despite the goodness of your intentions, the results may be harmful. designate about the probable outcome.5. Whom Could My Decision or Action Injure? This issue is particularly difficult. Even a product for good use could fall into the defame hands.These questions could help managers sort out their own perceptions of ethical problems. The asking of questions could create discussions about subjects left to one individual. If management do not implement terminate policies to instill ethical behavior through the firm, managers are likely to come cynical.There has been a steady increase in the number of sexual anguish cases since the 1991 Clarence Thomas/Anita Hill hearing. A recent Supreme Court ruling that an employer can be held liable for sexual harassment, even if the employer is unaware of the incident. This should serve as a warning to business owners to develop or refine company policies.The ruling falls under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which also protects non-victims form working in a sexual hostile environment. In essence, an employee can sue a company if he or she witnesses another(prenominal)s being harassed, reports and nothing is done. fall these steps to protect your company Develop and establish a policy. Your company policy should clearly define sexual harassment, list several examples and explain procedures for filing complaints and follow-ups. Investigate every complaint. Take immediate action when informed of an incident. Carefully research the allegations and respond with the appropriate actions. Seek outside counsel if necessary. Many managers arent sure how to ca rry on a claim of sexual harassment. Provide training for management and staff so they clearly understand what harassment is, how to prevent it and how to handle it. Have a clear procedure for filing complaints. Employees should have a non-threatening process in place to report an incident, discuss any behavior they feel is unprofessional. Stress confidentially and that you, the employer, will not tolerate retaliation against any employee for coming forward. Give all the employees the names and phone numbers of human resources and other staff to contact. Provide sexual harassment training.There are countless words to describe stress. The fact remains that stress is an essential part of life. It is ineluctable and in moderation, a good thing. I think stress makes people feel vital and interested. The crucial difference between stress that clobbers and stress that invigorates is usually no more than an individuals reaction. There are myriad ways to deflect the damages such as medita tion, drug therapy or changes in lifestyle.Stress often undermines physical, emotional and intellectual energies exactly when strength in these areas is most needed, periods of heightened pressure. The body mobilizes energy to deal with the crisis by releasing the hormone adrenaline, which causes a racing pulse, accelerated breathing, in a sense of feeling keyed up.The next stage is less obvious but more dangerous if allowed to go unmonitored. Sugar and fats are reserved for emergencies then released into the bloodstream, creating pressure and fatigue. This when people start to self medicate with coffee, cigarettes and alcohol. Generalized anxiety, poor concentration and memory loss befit common, as with minor illnesses.Finally, as energy reserves are drained, bodily systems begin to malfunction. Sleeplessness, disruption in eating patterns and personality changes often occurs. This stage is exhaustion, which leads depression.Employee service programs (EAPs) are very useful in red ucing stress. Companies can develop EAPs themselves or outsource them. Experts advise companies to help workers find a way out of their stressful situations through counseling, friendship and communication.Most people have used a brain altering substance at some time, be it alcohol, an anti-anxiety medication, or a stimulant. Such substance can be helpful in removing our inhibitions, enabling us to relax, or making us feel better about things. While most can take them or leave them, an increasing number of people are finding that using these substances is no longer a choice, but necessity. They need them to function normally and will suffer physical symptoms of withdrawal without them. In medical term, they are substance dependent or addicted.There are myriad treatments and approaches to substance abuse. As with most mental illness, a combination of medical treatment and psychological counseling is usually most effective. medical examination treatments may alter the bodys reaction t o a substance, reducing cravings, or change a substances effect. There is usually a mental disorder that coexists with substance abuse, depression or anxiety. For the disorder psychoactive medications are often prescribed.First a person must want or ask for help. They may want to talk to a clinician if they feel comfortable doing so. If you have access go to mental-health clinics to speak with someone who specializes in treatment. Whomever you talk with, the issue must addressed in depth. If not seek out another healthcare professional.

Causes of Food Allergy

What Causes Food Allergy? Food allergies occur when the insubordinate system mounts an attack on current proteins in certain aliments. The substances in the nutriment that cause this immune system response are called allergens. The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that overhaul defend the body against unknown substances. When a properly functioning immune system detects an unknown substance, it responds to this threat by producing proteins called antibodies against the invaders. The antibodies allow recognize and attack this contrasted substance when they next encounter it.This battle is what causes the allergy symptoms. In nutriment allergy the immune system mistakenly lives a harmless substance in the provender as harmful, and churns out antibodies known as immune gamma globulin to attack it. These antibodies will circulate in the blood, attached to special cells called mast cells, which are part of the immune system. This occurs in order to pro tect against future invasion by that substance. The next time a person eats that food, the substance to which he is supersensitised the allergen enters the body, and attaches to the immunoglobulin on mast cells.The mast cells respond by releasing a host of powerful chemicals, including histamine, to protect the body. This produces allergic symptoms. Histamine contributes to inflammation and causes symptoms such as swelling on the genuflect and itching. It is responsible for the hives, or welts, that appear on the skin when a doctor tests for allergy. These hives show the presence of immunoglobulin and are atomic number 53 of the best indications of allergy. What are the Symptoms of Food Allergy? In an allergy attack, the symptoms experienced depend on where in the body histamine is released. allergic replys to foods most often involve the skin, the give birth and intestines, and the mouth and the respiratory system. A life threatening reaction whitethorn involve all parts of th e body including the cardiovascular system so that the individual goes into shock this will lead to blood pressure to perch dangerously low. A severe reaction could start very suddenly and involve only a fall in blood pressure or shock. It is important to know that a life threatening reaction whitethorn occur with no skin symptoms. Symptoms may appear within minutes or as long as several hours after eating the allergy elicit food.An allergy reaction in the skin may cause hives, itchy, scaly rash called eczema, redness or flushing, and swelling. In the digestive system an allergy reaction may cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. An the common respiratory symptoms from an allergic reaction may include sneezing, coughing, runny nose, wheezing, closing of the throat and breathing difficulties, as part of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis and, itchy, watery eyes are often included with respiratory symptoms. Life-Threatening Reactions (Anaphylaxis)The most s evere allergic reaction is anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock, a severe reaction that involves most of the body. Anaphylaxis fanny affect several parts of the body at the same time, including the skin and the digestive and respiratory systems or it might just involve respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms. In addition to producing the symptoms of food allergy, it may also lead to difficulty in breathing, falling blood pressure and unconsciousness. Although very rare, anaphylaxis can be fatal. Each year, about 150 people in the United States die of food-related anaphylaxis.Which Foods Cause Allergic Reactions? Virtually any food can trigger an allergic response. However, studies have found that 80 to 90 percent of children with food allergies are allergic to one or more of these foods for example eggs, peanuts, milk, wheat, and soy. Other common triggers include tree nuts such as almonds, pecans, cashews, Brazil nuts and walnuts, and fish and shellfish for example, crab louse and sh rimp. Various other foods and certain food additives and spices may cause allergic reactions. Cross ReactionsSometimes, an individuals allergic reaction to a particular food extends to other foods that pick up similar allergens, a phenomenon called cross reactivity. For example, someone who is allergic to peanuts may also have a problem with other legumes, such as soybeans or peas. However, it may be surprising to know that the vast majority of food allergic individuals rarely react to other legumes. In fact, more peanut allergic children depend to be allergic to eggs or tree nuts than to other legumes. Cross reactions can develop between foods with allergens similar to those of other allergy provoking substances, such as plant pollens.Researchers have found, for example, that some people who suffer hay fever symptoms when they inhale birch pollen also have an allergic reaction when they eat kiwi fruit or apples. How do u find out if u have Food Allergies? If you think you have fo od allergies, you should see an allergist, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating allergies. If you try to diagnose the problem yourself, you run the risk of removing too many foods from your diet and losing important nutrients. Before devising a diagnosis, an allergist will take your medical history and ask whether you have a family history of allergies.The doctor will ask detailed questions aimed at bring out a possible relationship between the symptoms and your diet, such as, what kinds of symptoms does the suspected food or foods produce? How much time elapses between eating the food and the flak of symptoms? How much of the food do you have to eat to trigger a reaction? How many times has eating the food ca employ a reaction? When was the cobblers last time you had a reaction to the food? These are several questions that the doctor will ask. Controversial Tests and TreatmentsThere are some questionable practices for diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. Tests that are not scientifically valid and are considered experimental including, Blood tests that determine food immune complexes and IgG food antibodies. This tests measure substances that all ordinary people have in their blood. Food immune complexes form after food digestion. IgG includes most of the protective antibodies, including those that form when you receive a vaccinum or after an infection. It is unclear whether people with allergies make abnormal amounts of these substances.Cytotoxic test, this test involves adding a food allergen to someones blood sample and examining the reaction of white blood cells downstairs a microscope. If the cells change shape, decrease or die, the person is thought to be allergic to that food. No proof exists that this test is effective for diagnosing food allergy. aggravation and neutralization, in the subcutaneous under the skin form of this test, a food rip is injected under the skin. In the sublingual under the tongue form, the food extract is placed under the persons tongue.If the person has an allergic reaction, he or she receives more of the substance. The belief is that the second dose neutralizes, or relieves, the symptoms. In reality, it can cause a severe allergic reaction. Some doctors use provocation and neutralization to try to desensitize allergic people to foods. But the technique has been found to be unproductive for both diagnosis and treatment of allergies. How to Cope With Food Allergy Most people with food allergies will be put on an elimination diet one from which foods suspected of causing an allergic reaction are removed.It may be difficult to stop eating some foods, such as those do with wheat or milk. Fortunately, there are many foods on the market that substitute for the more common allergy provoking foods. Creating a Food contrive For help in restricting your diet after a food allergy diagnosis, consult your doctor or a registered dietitian. Dietitians can help endeavor a food plan, suggest alternative foods or ingredients to replace forbidden ones, and provide instruction on reading food labels. You may find it steadying to use an allergy free cookbook, which gives recipes that omit common food allergens.Prepared allergen free items, such as rice bread and soy beverages, are available at health food stores and some grocery stores. It is not always possible to avoid the offending food. Your physician may give you medication to treat symptoms resulting from food allergies. Avoiding Accidental Ingestion Despite precautions, people with histories of food reactions sometimes unknowingly consume a food to which they are allergic. This can happen when the person is insensible of an ingredient in a dish someone else has prepared.Or perhaps the offending ingredient is not on the label or is expressed in a term that does not clearly describe the ingredient. People with severe food allergies need to be aware that tiny amounts of allergens left on pots, pans, and cooki ng utensils can contaminate other foods. To avoid this kind of danger, people with severe food allergies are advised to make certain that pots, pans, and cooking utensils are carefully rinse with soap and water after each use to remove any traces of forbidden foods.How Is Food Allergy Treated? Once an allergy is diagnosed, strict scheme of the offending food or foods is the only proven method of managing the allergy. There is no medical cure for food allergy. However, within the next few eld there will be safe and effective vaccines for food allergies. By strictly avoiding the food for one or two years, approximately one ordinal of children and adults can lose their sensitivity to that food. But few children or adults outgrow their allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish.Although there are no medications currently available to treat food allergies, there are drugs on the market to treat symptoms of food allergies. The proper treatment depends on the severity of the allerg ic reaction. Antihistamines can help control spiritless reactions. These drugs have side effects, however. Over the counter Antihistamines cause drowsiness. Your doctor can prescribe an antihistamine that will not make you sleepy. Asthma medication can be useful for people who wheeze during an allergic reaction.In rare instances, food allergies may bring on an asthma attack. These attacks may be very severe. Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylaxis, a life threatening complication of food allergy. Doctors advise people with severe food allergies always to carry a self injecting invention loaded with epinephrine or a kit containing a needle and syringe and to inject themselves at the first sign or symptoms. References (2005). Common food allergies. Cortlandt Forum, 18(11), 38-45. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

Juan De Sepulveda Belittes the Indians

Juan Sepulveda was a man who strongly felt he could define a person or group as civilized or s put one acrossrs. Sepulvedas purpose in his article/primary source analysis was mainly to inform the Spanish about the Native Americans barbaric society and how could each try and convert them to Christianity or destroy them. His audition is mainly the Spanish royalty, and also the Christian community. Sepulveda explains what the government and activity of the Natives atomic number 18 like, and degrades who they are so his audience could have a timbering whether they should be enslaved or born-again.During Sepulvedas article/primary source, he mentions how he saw the government with No written laws, but barbarian institutions and customs what temperance or mercy can you expect from men who are committed to all types of intemperance and base frivolity, and eat human remove? ( bournes 17-20). So far Sepulveda has had no involvement decreed to say about the Natives, and feels that th ey are far from civilized. Personally, this doesnt seem too barbarous because every hotshot has a custom to something Sepulveda writes in a way that persuades that the natives are basically cavemen who know no better, compared to the Spanish norms.Although he is not lying since the natives eat human flesh, which would be barbarous, but its lone(prenominal) safe to say that the natives are far from modern day society and the roles. Another piece of evidence that Sepulveda shares is that the natives would wage continual and ferocious war upon one another with such fierceness that they did not consider a victory worthwhile unless they sated their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies. (lines 22-24). This time he proves a prime that they would be barbarous, stating that the only reason Natives fight other Natives would be for food. As true as this may be, Sepulveda fails to tell the whole story.Indians would not fight cursory for the flesh of other humans, or else they wou ld be extinct. And hidden to Sepulveda mind, he didnt think about the diversity of the Natives and their different groups, so it becomes more clear that his object is to make them seem like savages so the Spanish would feel more bias on enslaving them rather than them being converted first. On one positive note, it is clear Sepulveda wanted to say something positive about the Natives, saying Although some of them show a certain ingenuityfor various works of artisanship, this is no check of human cleverness. (lines 28-29).If all Sepulveda has been saying was negative things, and have one positive note, then it must have really caught is attention that the Natives have a thing for artisanship. This may be a key point in Sepulvedas persuasion to converting the Natives to slavery. To say they are crafty would show that they are of use to something. This article of faith he writes can be easily summarized that they have a talent, but the Spaniards will always be the superior to the N atives, as said in line 33, New Spain are considered the most civilized of all. To break down my analysis of Sepulvedas article would be easily described in lines 57 and 58 that the Natives have stated quite clearly that they have been born into slavery and not to civic and liberal life.All that Sepulveda wants is a group of slaves that would later be converted to Christianity for the use and the good of the Spanish goals. It was clear s day Sepulveda wanted to make the Natives look bad (and good enough) to make the Spanish ruler feel they would come good use to slavery. Broken down into a nutshell, if the Indians look useless enough, but they have artisanship, then what better place to be than slaves. And the goals of the Spaniards are to spread their Christianity, so why not make them Christians as well.

Outline Current Legislation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People Essay

Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children is defined as protecting children from maltreatment preventing impairment of childrens health or development ensuring children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. (Dept for study www.education.gov.uk)There are numerous laws and guidelines in place which aim to protect children from harm, and publicise their health and wellbeing. The need for improved legislation has been highlighted by high-profile cases, such as the death of Maria Colwell in 1973 and, more recently, Victoria Climbi in 2000. These cases shocked the nation and showed weaknesses in procedures. These policies are constantly reviewed and amended so it is grand to keep up to date with these changes.The sisterren propel 1989This fare identifies the responsibilities of parents and professionals who must work to ensure the safety of the child. This Act includes two important sections which focus specific tout ense mbley on child protection. element 47 states that the Local ascendence has a duty to investigate when there is a reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm. Section 17 states that services must be put into place to safeguard and promote the welfare of children within the area who are in need.The Education Act 2002This outlines the role of Local Education Authorities (LEAs), governing bodies, head teachers and all those working in schools to ensure that children are safe and free from harm.The electric razorren Act 2004 This is not a replacement of the Children Act 1989. This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters and imbeds out the process for providing services in a way which allows both child to achieve the five outcomes of Every Child Matters (described below). It requires local authorities to lead multi-agency childrens trusts, to develop a children and youth peoples plan, and to set up a shared database conta ining information pertinent to a childs welfare. This allows all the organisations involved in childrens welfare to access relevant information and work together to provide the best possible service.Childcare Act 2006This act aimed to transform early years and childcare services in England. Local authorities are required to Improve the Every Child Matters outcomes for pre-school children Provide sufficient quality childcare for working parents. Provide a crack Parent Information Service.Every Child Matters This was launched in 2002, at least partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbi. It is one of the most important policy initiative and development programmes in relation to children and childrens services of the last decade. It has been the title of three government papers, leading to the Children Act 2004. Every Child Matters covers children and young adults up to the age of 19. Its main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the su pport they need toBe healthy beat safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well-being Each of these themes has a detailed framework habituated whose outcomes require multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve. The agencies in partnership may include childrens centres, early years, schools, childrens social services, primary and secondary health services, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS).In the past it has been argued that children and families have received poorer services because of the failure of professionals to understand each others roles or to work together effectively in a multi-disciplinary manner. Every Child Matters seeks to change this, stressing that all professionals working with children should be aware of the contribution that could be make by their own and each others services. Protecting children from harm can be best achieved by effective joint and partnership working between agencies. work Together to Safeguard ChildrenThis provides guidance on what you should do if you have concerns about the welfare of a child. It also recommends ways of working for people who work with young people and their families. What to do if Youre Worried a Child is Being Abused (DfES 2003) This is a guide for practitioners, helping them understand how to work together to promote childrens welfare and protect them from harm. It reinforces Every Child Matters by stressing the importance of joint working. United Nations Convention in The Rights of The Child 1989This treaty sets out the rights and freedoms of all children in a set of 54 articles. Included in those rights are those which ensure that children are safe and looked after. Article 19 states childrens rights to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them. Those countries which signed up to the Treaty, i ncluding the UK in 1991, are legally bound to implement legislation which supports each of the articles.

Racism Definition Essay

racial favouritism is close tothing something weve either witnessed. umteen community fail to believe that accelerate isnt a biological category, yet an artificial classification of people with no scientific tout ensembley vari fitting facts. In other(a) words, the distinction we possess between races has nothing to do with genetic characteristics. Race was created socially, primarily by how people perceive ideas and faces we atomic number 18 not quite used to. The definition of race all depends on where and when the word is being used. In U.S. hi drool, the meaning of the label discolor has changed over time, eventually adding groups like the Italians, Irish and Jews. other groups, mainly Afri house, Latino, American Indian, Pacific Islander, and Asian descendants, have found the path for worldwide social acceptance untold more tough. The irregular b station of ethnicities touch educational and scotch opportunity, political representation, as well as income, wellne ss and social mobility of people of color.So where did this type of behavior begin? There atomic number 18 umteen ideas propel around as to how racialism began, though the truth lies in the history of man smorgasbord. Before people were able to travel and experience difference groups of people, we predominantly layovered in the same kind of bea with the same kind of people. We business cin one caserned things that were different, and were lacked the power to face those kinds of things. All this changed once we did, in fact, obtain this level of human advancement, but the fear never drifted. The truth is, racism began as soon as people faced those of different races. Weve of all time the fear of change, not to mention the unknown.It collide withms that is racism has been around so long we would have been able to get the hang it as our species developed, but contact with those of whom we argon afraid of lots lead to disputes, which, in time, is what caused racism to transmo grify from people simply disliking each other, to the permanent and indestructible foundation of common racism and prejudice.Contemporary racism is said to have been derived from many places, single of the near common ideas being upbringing. As a child, you ar reliant on your p atomic number 18nts to wait on you become who you atomic number 18. Part of that involves their own, distinct opinions, that of which children dont have the adulthood to form on their own. They need the help of their parents, and this is often where the problem starts.If you were told that all Asians were sneaky or all Whites are evil or all Blacks are criminals, you can bet that you are going to smelling this way about them. Upbringing is the largest cause of racism-Anonymous. Even if we allow yourself to get to know some of them, this will always be in the back of your mind.Another suggestion as to how racism catchs its way into our heads is through the almighty media. As we grow up, media becomes a factor of our lives whether or not we fatality it to be, and is too a major source of how racism keeps itself active. Since the 70s the media has been giving us racial labels, one of the largest supplies climax from crime shows like Law and Order, and CSI. When dealing with crime, people of color are reflected in the demarcation of them and us. Whites are often represented as the good guy, or the strong, law obeying citizens. They often target people of color, sometimes without any sort of evidence. Directors and writers use racial stereotypes to make a more complex story with more suspects.In the novel, The Power of One, by Bryce Courtney, a young, white, African boy named Peekay lives in a world where the government, the country, and the world revolves around racism. World War II is coming to an end, and in South Africa, the whites seem to hate the blacks save as much as the blacks hate the whites. Peekay was brocaded by a compassionate and loving black woman he refers to as N anny, collectable to the unsafe conditions at home with his bad, mentally ill mother. He grew up with Nanny and his best hotshot, who was as well black. To Peekay, racism didnt exist.The author, Bryce Courtney, didnt intend on writing a book fully ground on racism in South Africa. He grasps a trace of apartheid by Peekays experiences as a white boy by unhurriedly soaking it into South Africa as a toxin.Adapt, livedevelop a camouflage. This thought went through Peekays mind once he had been exposed to racism, having been coerce to attend a boarding civilise full of bigger, darker students. In Chapters One and Two, as a incorrupt five-year-old, the bright protagonist Peekay is already addressing the necessity of affecting camouflages in order to survive the system. He is often forced to act differently around people of different skin colors in order to fit in better to prevent himself from acquiring beaten or teased.Peekay faces his first taste of racism the very first night a t the boarding school. One boy, known as The Judge, who was much older, stronger, and darker than Peekay, comes up with the nickname PissKop for Peekay, because of Peekays habit to wet the bed that was caused by The Judges, along with the help of many other older black students, tendency to beat Peekay and spit in his face. The Judge also convinces Peekay that Hitler is determined to march all Englishmen in South Africa into the ocean, and even forces Peekay to eat human feces.Upbringing is a very strong factor of what influences people to become racist, or to have even slight racial views. In Peekays case, he had gone from one extreme to another. At home, Nanny and his best friend were the only people he could call family, besides his mother who spent time at what Peekay called The kind Breakdown Place. When sent to the boarding school, he wasnt expecting the black students to dislike him because of his skin color. He saw the black kids as merely bullies, and before they started b ullying him hadnt anticipated them to gang up on him because they were black. This is what caused Peekays neutrality with the racist society in which he lived. He gave each psyche a chance to be a good person, because he had seen the good in different ethnicities to which many people were stubborn to open up their minds.The power of one, or the idea of how one person can make a significant difference, is an important idea in relation to challenge in the novel. Giel Piet, one of Peekays boxing coaches who had been sneaking tobacco to all of the prisoners, was forced to eat feces by serjeant-at-law Ballman, a white racist who works at the prison. If Giel Piet had refused to eat the feces, the guards would have found the tobacco, resulting in the prisoners getting beaten along with Giel Piet . As Peekay witnessed this happen to his coach, he thought, It made me angry. Angry it was done. Angry I couldnt do anything to stop it.But how does racism really affect society? Visibly identifia ble members of racial and ethnic oppressed groups continue to struggle for equal access and opportunity, particularly during times of stringent economics. Often, the targeted race has a harder time doing things such as finding a well-paying job or house. While on that point have been some sizeable gains in the labor force status of racial minorities, significant gaps remains. racism is rampant in all areas of employment. For many members of exploited racial and ethnic unit, there is always an economic depression. Studies show that people of color are the last hired and the first fired. As a result, reckon cuts, downsizing, and privatization may disproportionately hurt people of color. In February 1995 the unemployment rate for African Americans was 10.1 share as compared to 4.7 percent for white Americans (Berry, 1995). The unemployment rate for adolescents of color is approximately four times that of white adolescents. Whats more, In America, the legal age of unemployed men are black, and compared to other races, Blacks and Latinos on average have disproportionately low income.Other than simply getting a job, getting and keeping a house is often a difficult task for those of color. The job of a landlord is to rent out houses to reliable people or families, though a racist landlord could make it difficult for a family of color to find a home. Widespread housing discrimination against Americans of color in U.S. neighborhoods is sometimes referred to as a national problem, something that must be fixed by new government policies. Housing segregation in the United States developed slowly and deliberately. By law, attribute owners may not refuse to rent or sell housing, make housing unavailable to, trim different conditions or privileges for sale or rental of a property, impose different rates and legal injury on a loan, refuse to make a mortgage loan, or discriminate in assess property due to a clients ethnicity, and because racism cannot be seen, these rules are very vague. operable evidence suggests that blacks and Hispanics face higher rejection rates and less favorable conditions in securing mortgages than do Whites with similar assent characteristics (Ross & Yinger 1999). It has been reported that blacks pay more than 0.5% higher interest rates on home mortgages than whites do and that this difference persists with income level, date of purchase, and age of buyer.During the Great Depression, people of color had a much harder time getting erstwhile(prenominal) the financial hardship because of the racial stereotypes that had before been thrown around. In the book, Whitewash Race The Myth of a Colorblind Society, Michael K. Brown says In the late 1930s, black unemployment rates were two to four times higher than white unemployment rates. Few Blacks had any financial savings to caution them from the full affect of the Depression. Blacks that had before has troubles getting a well paying job the faced the same challenge with a much larger border for failure. Mrs. Roosevelt was particularly fretful about the financial difficulties encountered by racism.Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, by Mildred D. Taylor, is a story about a black family, the Logans, from the south, living frugally in order to preserve and keep their darn of farmland. Because the story takes place during the end of the Great Depression, one of the worst times in history to be a black farmer, money has become very sparse for the family and for the neighborhood. The children of the family, peacock flower, Stacey, Christopher-John, and Little Man, live in a world where white kids rule and they know it. White kids had the freedom to do anything they wished to do, from threatening the kids they thought were lacking(p) to hammering kids who socialized with black kids, or even walked with them to school. This was the case for T.J., a friend of the Logan kids who often walked with sweet acacia and her brothers to school, more often than not with a price.While walking to school on the first day, Cassie and her brothers are cascaded in red dust as a bus full of white kids skids past, though they eventually get their revenge on the kids by sabotaging the bus. This is significant not only because it shows us just how boorish white kids were to black kids, but it also shows that black kids had to walk to school, and to some black kids, match to Cassie, the walk is so long they are forced to drop out of school. Cassie, being in twenty-five percent grade, attends a school especially for black kids. On the first day back to school, she and the other students are staggered to realize that that year they would be having books in the class, something that at that time was a luxury for an all-black school. though once Cassie sees the books, she quickly sees why the books were given to them. The books were old and dirty, and on the inside of the front cover clenching to stay on was the label Nigras. Infuriated, Cassie refuses to take the book, and is ultimately whipped for her quarrel.It isnt until a black man is killed by a group of white men without consequence that the Logan kids grasp the idea of how dangerous living in a racist, white community could be. Racism becomes the problem revolving around the Logan family. Cassie doesnt understand why they are treated differently and doesnt want to back down because of the color of her skin. Stacey, on the other and, agrees to keep a low profile in the white community as to not trigger off any alarms that may cause an issue.This novel does a good job of showing how the effects racism on a specific race simply cause racism itself to stay functioning. After all they endure, at the end of the book the Logan family are a healthier family than they were at the start, mainly because of their capability to see through each others skin color, something the rest of the town was unable to do. The disruption of the school bus, though it was simply a small revenge, shows how close the kids had become because of everything they had been through because of the white kids. Racism brings races together, do races seem like a tighter bondage, and ultimately making it easier to target races.Racism had existed throughout human history. It is regularly defined as the detestation, or belief that someone is less than human, because of skin color, place of birth, and mores. All of these arguments are based on a false understanding of race in fact, some contemporary scientists could debate that the classification of races used today is inadequate, and that there are more meticulous and proper ways of categorizing humans. What may seem to be considerable racial differences to some people, such as skin color, hair, and facial shape, are not of much scientific significance. It has been said that there have been greater biological differences between people of the same race than if we were to compare the same trait to a different race. One philosopher writes There ar e few genetic characteristics to be found in the population of England that are not found in similar proportions in Zaire or in China.those differences that most deeply affect us in our dealings with each other are not to any significant degree biologically determined.Often what causes people to act racist is the fact that they have learned to conceal fear with racism. Many individuals react with fear towards those who look or appear different than them. Fear is what makes us uncomfortable, making us need to protect ourselves and defend, mostly causing pain and discomfort to the person or object of the fear. kind of of attempting to fix and deal with the differences, the wall between the two maintains union and agreement are never attained.So how do we put an end to this? The sad fact of the matter is that, during this age, we wont. People were born differently, and its only human to retaliate negatively to things or people we arent used to. Scientists believe there is the tendency in all animals to selectively preserve their own kind even at the equal of a different animal type, which is in essence what caused racism, not to mention prejudice in general.As humankind progresses, our way of thinking becomes more complex, as does the world around us. The values we once had arent forgotten, but replaced with new values as our old ways hide in the back of our minds. Though they are present and may re-emerge if a change in life conditions calls them up, they are no longer the dominant. This genuinely is the hope for mankind in their fight to end racism. In the future, if we can discomfit the silliness of racism to the point where no one senses it, we will be in fine condition. The most effective way to begin this, through the words of Morgan Freeman, is to Stop Talking About It.

Analysis of Psychosocial Development Theory Essay

The psychosocial possibility provides a theoretical expression that highlights the constant quantity assimilation and communication of singular competencies with resources, difficulties, and culture. Development is realisen as a product of genetic, social, maturational, and autonomous dynamics. For this assignment, I am analyzing receive(prenominal) development using Ericksons psychosocial theory of development.Erickson believed that development follows the epigenetic principle, that anything that grows has a ground plan (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). evidently stated, each map of Ericksons theory ascends according to an innate plan with each st mount building upon the previous st elds and focuses on a ch exclusivelyenge that must be pertinacious during that st get along with in regularise to move effectively onto the next developmental storey. Ericksons psychosocial theory draws our attention to the continual process of record development that takes place s doneout the conduct span. Erickson believed each part each part of the reputation has a particular time in the life span when it must develop if at all (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Psychosocial Stages of DevelopmentThe first stage in Eriksons theory begins in infancy, with the conflict of trust versus mistrust. In this stage an infant is dependent upon others, specifically their p bent or c argiver to meet their basic needs. If these needs argon meet, the infant pass on develop trust in self, parents caregivers, and their surroundings, if non mistrust will develop. Trust versus mistrust is present throughout a persons life span. Consequently, if the conflict is non positively resolved within this developmental spot, the person maybe affected negatively and only part immerses themselves into society.As a rotary about, I understand that my young ladys need for nourishment, comfort, care, and familiarity, must be met by me. In order for her to develop a loving and trusting relationship with me, I remained responsive and consistent. As my daughter grows older, she will become more knowledgeable and understanding with her peers and begin investigating her surroundings with continuity and eagerness.Stage two picks up at yearlinghood, usually starting around age 2 and chronic through age 3, with the conflict autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage kidren become mobile within their environment. This stark naked found mobility is like a since of freedom to a child. If parents consistently encourage their childrens mobility, they will economic aid the children in developing a reek impression of autonomy, self control, and self confidence. If parents do not reinforce their childs overbold freedom then the child will experience shame and learn self-doubt.My toddler is currently within this stage and she has started to undertake the responsibilities of feeding, dressing, bathing, and toileting. As a parent I have the angle of inclination to be protectiv e, then assisting her without her citation. Nonetheless, I realize that I go off do more harm than help to her development if I am overbearing and overprotective during this stage. I could positively or negatively learn my daughters ability to reach autonomy through my level of covetousness.Stage iii of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins at age 4 and continues through age 5, with the conflict initiative versus guilt. Initiative is the exercise set to embark on newfangled ventures whereas guilt is a sense that they have done whatsoeverthing wrong. During this stage children are eager for responsibility and look to their parents for conformation. As parents the duty is ours to validate to our children, by proving that their initiative is valued no matter the size of the deed. Sadly, when parents are restrictive and do not allow their child the chance to be responsible and independent, the child may develop a sense of guilt and disapproval in the eye of their parents.As a chil d my father always allowed me to help with projects around the house, by allowing me to pass him tools. My mother always allowed me to assist her in kitchen with dinner, by letting me mix the batter, oil the pan, break the egg, and pass her conglomerate kitchen utensils. I cherished my parents for this freedom and always viewed them as my unsung heroes. Today, in my daily life and work, I take the initiative with projects, chores, packing, and much more. It times I do feel guilt over some actions, but I am assured that it linked to my beliefs of achievement rather than my parents restrictive actions on occasion.From age 6 to age 12 a child is considered to be in the fourth stage of the psychosocial theory with the conflict industry versus inferiority. During this stage a child is learning to read, write, and how to create things by themselves. During this stage my educators became more and more key figures in my life. They gave me many tasks and taught me many skills. I was always determined to master the tasks and skills (i.e. math and science) set before me. At this header in my life my peers became more momentous in my life because I was learning to work with them in order to complete tasks.I have never much of a follower, nonetheless school opened the door to new social roles therefore, gaining the approval and acceptance of my peers and teachers was important. I worked tall(prenominal) in all my classes and extracurricular activities to be the best by obtaining the top grades, best batting record, nearly assists and points, most volunteer hours, and more. The skills I developed along throughout this stage gave me confidence that others saw and appreciated, which showed approval and acceptance. I believe that when a child does not develop the necessary skills needed for school, home, and other heathen task that it can lead to the child developing a sense of inferiority because their acceptance is base on competent performance.Eriksons fifth stage is the conflict identity element versus identity muddiness. Stage fin typically starts at age 12 and continues to age 18. At this stage, adolescents are striving to find their identity and place in the world that will lead them into young big(a)hood. At some point in this stage I was struggling to find out what to with my life and remember asking myself this question, Who Am I? I wanted to separated myself apart from my parents and siblings, so I make a conscious seem for identity and found things I enjoyed (i.e., school, softball, basketball, tutoring) an excelled. At the end of my high school passage I had observed my cultural, communal, and in the flesh(predicate) identity as a member of society identity and was ready to face the new challenges of college.My childhood friend, Amelia struggled during this stage with identity development by gender. In her parents eyes, she was a girl and should behavior as such(prenominal), therefore sports and other male related activities w herefrown upon within her home. It was not until Amelia reached the age of sixteen that she made a conscious decision to make her own choices, in spite of her parents viewpoints. Woolfolk, (1987), notes that if adolescents are unable to make conscious choices and decisions, especially as it pertains to their career and sexual orientation, then their role confusion becomes a threat. Success at this stage is dependent upon the childs resolution of conflicts in ahead stages. If past experiences are integrated and past conflicts resolved, there will be a strong self identity. Conversely, identity confusion will arise if the ego is weak.Stage six is the beginning of the developmental period of young adulthood. This is a period when most of us finish college, find a career, and create a family of our own. During this time most of us are changing cognitively, physically, and socioemotionally. In this stage the conflict is intimacy versus isolation. harmonise to Eriksons stages of develo pment, I am in this stage. During this stage one either gets involved in an advise relationship or retreat into isolation. In the initial stage of being an adult individuals seek one or more companions and love. As individuals try to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through pairing and friendships, they generally also begin to start a career and family, as have I.An example of my success in this stage is my giving and sharing within my marriage and friendships without feelings of obligation or asking for anything in return. The age in the stage has been pushed back to the mid thirty-something because today many couples wait until then to start families. My belief is that if a person has not resolved the conflict of identity in stage five, that they will fear a committed relationship, thus make them to retreat into isolation. Lastly, when people have difficulty creating lasting and satisfying relationships, they may isolate and distance themselves from others r eceivable to feeling of inferiority.Stage seven of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins around age 40 and continues through age 65, with the conflict generativity versus stagnation. Generativity, refers to an adults competence to care for another humanbeing (Newman & Newman, 1991). A personal example is my older sister Deloris, who had settled into a stable career, marriage, church building, family, and other numerous responsibilities. Our mother was diagnosed with Alzehemiers Disease (AD) during this stage and because Deloris was the closet and oldest, she was expected to give of herself by adding the responsibility of caring for our mother. The responsibilities were overwhelming, but she overcame because of her willingness to be flexible and adaptable, which allowed her to rely on her environment and family to help her deal. If Deloris had remained inflexible and enabled the responsibilities to overwhelm she would have become stagnate. The drain state of our mothers AD forced my s ister to be flexible, by reducing church activities, additional work duties and ultimately changing the way she dealt with her world.Integrity versus despair is the eighth psychosocial stage of development. The developmental period for this stage is age 65 to death. This stage occurs when many of our parents are up in age and must come to terms with the approach of death. At this period in my parents life, two where retired and had time to analyze what they had accomplished and accumulated throughout life. They had come to accept their entire life with a positive outlook and even decided how their estate would be divided up amongst 21 children, thus leaving them with a sense to integrity. According to Newman and Newman, (1991) if my parents had been unable to accept responsibility for their lifes force and resolve conflict in earlier stages, they may have experienced despair and regret. Sadly, many older adults feel as if their life was filled with disappointment and failure, thus making it hard for them to handle life and the probability of death at this stage.Despair versus expect and faith is the final stage of Eriksons psychosocial theory. The developmental period for this stage is late 80s and beyond. During this stage person are faced with a new sense of self over failing bodies and need for care. The favored outcome of this stage is to achieve a new sense of wisdom and transcendence (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Comparison of Erikson and Kohlberg TheoriesEriksons psychosocial theoryholds that developmentproceeds throughout nine developmental stages that are distinguished by a specific conflict. Kohlbergs moralistic development theory holds that moral argument has six developmental stages with three distinctive levels. Erikson and Kohlberg theories each focus on a particular expression of maturation, such as social, moral, and psychosocial. It has been stated that psychosocial development and moral reasoning are influenced by factors such as sociali zation and gender identity. When a person is born they are identified by their gender as either a boy or a girl. It is my belief that the title of boy and girl or man and woman influence how children respond to psychosocial developmental challenges and resolve moral dilemmas. These titles provide a structure around which role and behavioral expectations formed.Brief Analysis of Kohlbergs Model of Moral DevelopmentWhen people confabulation about moral development, they are referring to conduct and attitude towards other people in society. They look to see if societal norms, rules, and laws are being followed. In terms of children, it is their ability to distinguish right from wrong. Moral development, embraces pro-social behaviors, such as philanthropy and emotional development.Kohlberg stressed that moral development is based primarily on moral reasoning and unfolds in stages. On the basis of his research, Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning grouped into three major l evels (preconventional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality). Each developmental level represented a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. As a child and now adult, I have at one point and time, fallen within each level and stage. My parents always stressed honesty, trust, and respect. They also give consequences when I was rebellious to the rules. In order to avoid punishment I obeyed the rules.During church and school, I behaved properly by obeying the teachers, end assignments on-time, returning lost items (i.e., pencils, fans, and money), and repenting when needed in order to gain approval from my peers, teachers, pastor, and administrators. At other times, in my life, I have been concerned with my rights as a citizen, student, mother, and wife, while at other times I have been guided entirely by my conscience. Myconscience always gets the best of me no matter the circumstance. When I was five years old, my brother Rico took candy from my fathers private stash and shared out it with me. I knew it was wrong, but I wanted the candy so I keep my mouth closed. I thought I could just put it behind and move on, but I had a sense of wrong come over me and I could not sleep until I told my father the truth. Once, the truth was revealed I was freed and felt good within.My view of moral development aligns with Kohlbergs theory of moral development which was real based on Piagets cognitive theory. He believed young childrens cognitive thinking develops along with their moral development. Young children are ego centered and their moral judgment is based on their own perspectives, not others and they follow rule because they are afraid of punishment. As children grow they understand values, rules, and their obedience is not out of fear, yet is based on their moral development.ReflectionAccording to Eriksons nine stages of development, I am in the sixth stage with conflict intimacy versus isolation. Eriksons psych osocial development theory aligns with many of my viewpoints. His theory stresses that children are curious, active explorers who are adaptive, impacted by social and cultural influences, and rational. The theory emphasizes that individuals continue to develop and revision throughout their lives, and that personality is not solely shaped during early childhood. The theories framework is a tool that can aid individuals in understanding self-awareness and self-improvement. Eriksons stages of development enabled me to better understand the connections between my behavior and personal experiences. As a parent, it has opened my eyes to how I can help rather than hinder my daughters development into mature, well-rounded, and emotionally stable individual.Lastly, each stage has a vital conflict that the child, adolescent, and adult can resolve positively or negatively. The nature of the resolution depends mainly on relations and associations with others, although the individuals choices a lso play a key role. The conflicts and resolution of conflicts within each stage gave me hope that people can obtain personal growth andchange. Resolving the conflicts within each stage allows for work out and future success by building upon the knowledge gained within the preceding stage(s). Conversely, I believe that not all is misplaced if an individual has an unconstructive and depressing occurrence within a particular stage and conflict. As people live they learn therefore, lessons can recur and be effectively resolved when identified, hold and received.ReferencesHamachek, D. E. (1998). Evaluating self-concept and ego development within eriksons psychosocial framework A formulation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66(8), 354-360.Newman, B., & Newman, P. (1991) Development through life A psychosocial approach (5thed.) Palisades, CA Brooks-Cole.Vander Zanden, J. W., Crandell, T. L., & Crandell, C. H. (2006). Human development (8th ed.).New York McGraw-Hill.Woolfolk, A. E . (1987). Educational Psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.