Lifestyle Theme Based Restaurant In Klang Valley Tourism Essay

Lifestyle radix ground eating place In Klang Valley Tourism EssayPurpose Design/method actingology To explore the issues, a quantitative need was conducted. There be 200 interrogative sentencenaires distributed and less than 200 questionnaires expected to be completed in a correct manner. The questions in the deal go away be measure by 5 points die hard scale, range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). There are total of 20 questions been asked and each question flirt the hypothesis that want to be tested.Findings Keywords Generation Y, Lifestyle Theme Based Restaurant, Theme Restaurant, Restaurant Choice Factor, Customer ecstasyPaper case Research paperIntroduction 2-5 pagesNowadays multitude are eating tabu more often, but they increasingly put a premium on saving time and eating healthy in better eating milieus (Ryu Han, 2010). As a result, the naked eating houses with theme found beget emerged as a growth category in the intellectual nourishme nt serve up application. According to Fen Lian (2010) advantage prime(prenominal), node gaiety and guests re-patronage intentions in the context of the eating place industry are significant.In Malaysia, the eatery industry is experience an impressive transformation and strengthens competition. Restaurant is a very important do of import of a function to explore but often become neglected area of theater of operations (Kivela, Inbakaran and Reece, 1999). The fact is restaurant business has a low assumption about the service and the quality of service is difficult to prove until customers come and keep going in the feature restaurant.The explore problem arise from this study is because currently every restaurant has a theme, it tries to convey to its customers, slightly more masteryfully than others and some of the restaurants has failed due to they did not bring some improvement to the targeted specific market and not focus on their food quality (E.S.P consulting broker, 2010). They believe that the essenstial way in susccessful the restaurant is consistent in the good food and fine customer service.Moreover, based on study done in Los Angles by Weiss, Feinstein and Dalbor (2004), has found out that sometimes theme based restaurants fails to bring home the bacon an innovative idea and lack of entertaining experience to their customers (Bagli, 1998). The decline of theme restaurant industry alike occurred because of game priced circuit boards (Pate, 2000), low quality of food (Bagli, 1998), high up development costs (Ramseyer, 2001), low repeat business (Farkas, 1998), poor location (Frumkin, 2000), and dcor that never changes (Bagli, 1998).As at that place is study proof that Gen Y customers has a different life style compared to their baby boomer parents and other customer cohorts (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004) and have bullyer disposable income (Tomkins, 1999), Gen Y tend to looking for theme based things. So it is an chance for theme restaurant management to start look at Gen Y market.It is important to look at Gen Y gustatory sensations in choosing some(prenominal) of theme restaurants because Gen Y whose plays the role as consumers has their differentiation in their spending power and preferences. Moreover, if the food and customer service in the restaurant is not up to their preference, it provide not drive them to go back to eat at the same place. In parliamentary law to solve this research problem, I came out with a research question, What are the factors that influencing Generation Y in choosing lifestyle-theme based restaurant?The of import purpose of this study is to examine the factors that affect customer to eat at lifestyle-theme based restaurants. Because every single things that experience by customers during their visit on that particular restaurant whitethorn be different each time, for example the quality of service experienced by one customer is different with the other customer s. Thus influence their satisfaction level and their re-patronage intentions.The importance of this study is aimed for 2 aspects of service provider. First, it is aimed to facilitate existed theme restaurant managers to form improvement strategies on their business which focus on characteristics that range most important from Gen Y customers. Second, it is aimed for the owners of new comers theme restaurant to improve better idea in bon ton to attract Gen Y consumers to come and dine at their new theme restaurant, it is important for the new business to k in a flash and respond potential consumers expectation and preferences.The several objectives in this study were(a) To cite the main factors that influences Generation Y in choosing lifestyle-theme restaurant(b) To access Generation Y preference for lifestyle-theme restaurant selection and(c) To address the importance of Generation Y preference to bring better marketing improvement and increase more r razeue for lifestyle-theme restaurant.The type of research methodology is quantitative technique the data collection method will be a structured survey which is a form of questionnaire, the sampling method will be generation Y respondents and they will be male and female in different background and profile but specific of their age will be between 16-32 years old.There will be 200 questionnaires distributed and less than 200 questionnaires expected to be completed in a correct manner. It will be conducted in area roughly Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, and Puchong. Potential respondents were pre-screened with the question, Have you dined at a theme restaurant in Malaysia during the past twelve months? If the answer was yes, respondents were asked to participate in the study by complete the next questions. The survey will be measure by 5 points range scale, range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree).This research consists of three parts in order to piece research objective and to answ er research question. First part begins with a review on the literature related to theoritical framework on Generation Y behavior, customer satisfaction in theme based restaurant and hypothesis development. In second part on that point are cardinal (2) things to highlight on low gear (1) is explanation on research methodolgy used in conducting this research paper, second (2) is findings and analysis, it is describes the result obtained comprehensively and systematically.Third part is resolves the research questions, evaluate findings in order to meet research objective and to give recommendations. Then, conclusion will be showed at the end of the research paper.This study begins with a review of the literature related to facts about generation Y and a brief introduction to theme restaurants. Next, this study examines the The study presents findings of a, and concludes that by highlight.. and recommendations from a marketing and hospitality perspective.Part 1 Literature Review 15- 20 pagesFACTORS INFLUENCING GENERATION Y IN CHOOSINGLIFESTYLE THEME BASED RESTAURANT IN KLANG VALLEYIntroductionIn order to identify what are the factors influencing Generation Y consumer in choosing which lifestyle theme restaurant to dine in, first main point we must understand the customer satisfaction towards theme based restaurant, because in restaurant concept, customer satisfaction is an indicator whether a customer will patronage to a restaurant (Fen Lian, 2010). Even thither is no guarantee of a satisfied customer will return to that particular restaurant, but it is n advance(prenominal) certain that a dissatisfied customer will not repeat their visit (Soriano, 2002). So from the previous dine experience it will affect customer to re-visit the restaurant.In the literature review it will be explained about the facts about Generation Y and how they reconcile their decision making, continue with explanation on 4 types among all of theme restaurants available in Malaysia wi th focus on lifestyle theme restaurant. Moreover, we will talk about customer satisfaction factors in 2 different types of restaurant, first in episodic theme restaurant and second in theme based restaurant, from this comparison we can actually see the differences in customer satisfaction between these restaurants. Thus it drives 5 hypothesis are proposed to confirm the relationship between food quality, service quality, breeze, pricing and recommendation as a factors influencing Generation Y in choosing lifestyle theme restaurant.Facts about Generation YGeneration Y was born between 1979 and 1995, now aged 16-32 (Kattiyapornpong, 2009). They are optimistic, technology savvy and very essentialing. Currently the majority of Generation Y is in university population. In their generation, they enjoyed Greenday, American Idol, Linkin Park, Black Eyed Peas and they also experienced global terrorism in November 9, 2001 (Kattiyapornpong, 2009).Experiences occur in childhood and teenage y ears produce differences between baby boomers, generation X and genertion Y (McCrindle, 2010). cosset boomers were influenced by advent of TV, the Cold War, Rock and Roll and decimal currency. Generation X was influenced by Personal Computer, AIDS, single parent families, and recession. Generation Y was influenced by the advent of internet, cable television, globalisation and September 11 (McCrindle, 2010)Generation Y or millennial youths of this generation have significant spending power and supervise considerable clout in purchase decisions for their family as fountainhead as being savvy consumers themselves (Harris Interactive, 2003 ODonnell, 2006 AC Nielsen, 2006 Wilson, 2007).Gen Y people they tend to form a community because they wanted to be understood, respected, include and accepted. This generation contributes strong loyalty to their friends. They work hard to fulfill what their peers expected from them, they have self-esteem and very well in regarded their self in grou p or sub- nuance (McCrindle, 2010).Decision Making by Generation YA study conducted by Halpern, 1997 saying that in order to arrive at a decision, there are several stairs that must be followed, (1) must realize that it is going to be obligatory to make a decision, (2) to determine the goals to be achieved, (3) generate alternatives which lead to fulfill the proposed goals, (4) evaluate whether these alternatives meet expectations and (5) select the best alternative.In decision process it seems that women are more affected by the surround, they look for more information and dedicate more time to the decision process (Gill, Stockard, Johnson, Williams, 1987) on the contrary, men are more dominant, assertive, objective, and realistic (Wood, 1990).Theme RestaurantTheming is the process where an environment is decorates by a distinct character. Nowadays theme based restaurant has become common outline used by the service industry, e circumscribedly those in hospitality and tourism in dustry (Munoz, C. Wood, N., 2009). Consumers are attracted to themed restaurants because of categorisation reasons.Higher standards of living and dynamic development in the food and beverage industry it drives consumer begins to pay attention towards environment, atmosphere and personalization apart from satisfying themselves in physical products. Todays consumers are excited in purchase products and steps to consume the product that brings the enjoyment and fulfill their experience (Miller, 2007).From many theme restaurants which focus on nation or regional like Italian, Japanese, Korean or Mexican, they using different concepts of theme to enrich their food styles and features. For the restaurant that taking music, history, sports or even gaming as their themes, various consuming experiences are hold open to the consumers.However, because of the development of theme restaurants create a lot of competitions in restaurant industry, many of theme restaurants are facing low profit or even negative rates. In order to turn this situation around and solve the problems, theme restaurants begin to attract customers one by one, by meeting their demand as well as increase in service quality and higher the restaurant standard.Clasiffication of Theme Restaurants ( classification, deli, seafood)Talk about theme restaurant, it is not unless about restaurant with particular theme, but theme restaurant also can be classified into many different types. Especially in Malaysia, there are many different theme restaurant opening now, however the main focus in this research paper is towards lifestyle theme restaurant. here are the following different types of theme based restaurant available in Malaysia such as Ethnic Restaurant, Country Style Restaurant and Steak set up Restaurant. These three theme restaurants will be explain in a brief form and it may not cover all types of theme restaurant in Malaysia, and next to it there will be spesific discussion on lifestyle theme r estaurant.Ethnic Theme Based RestaurantIn several of studies, the term of ethnical food has been defined differently. Utami (2004) defines ethnic food as a spesific cuisine from different region that reflect particular characteristics of its local origin. Utami (2004) added that people who are from different area from its origin will consider the food is ethnic. Based on restaurant segmentation study done by Olsen et al. (2000), an ethnic restaurant is defined as full service restaurant which offering dishes from foreign origin country for example Chinese, Japanese, Thai, and Italian.For consumers, ethnic-themed restaurant is the most common and also the frequent exposure to theming by the restaurants. Consumers are dine to ethnic-themed restaurants for different reasons, for some of them ethnic-themed restaurants are innovation, a way to connect to their ethnicity (Negra, 2002) and interact with a different culture and gastronomy (Bailey and Tian, 2002 Barbas, 2003 Germann-Molz, 20 03 Long, 2003 Tian, 2001). Currently the demand for ethnic cuisine and theme restaurants has been rise (Dundelston, 2003 Lewis, 2007 Wahlgreen, 2005).Walker (2007) argued that every ethnic restaurant is well design based from the crockery, food and restaurant dcor of a national culture is consider as a theme restaurant. The example of the restaurant can be Mexican, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Indian. If the restaurant is represent several national decorations using traditional ethnic color and artifacts and serving exotic cuisine, it is a theme restaurant (Walker, 2007)Country Style Theme Based RestaurantBased on a study done by Munoz, C. Wood, N. in 2009 about Mexican restaurants, this type of country restaurant has experienced a rise in popularity over the first decade of this twenty first century (Van Houten, 2004 Wahlgren, 2005). Their improving on the availability of spices, peppers, and produces (Ruggless, 2005). While this restaurant cosmic strings attentively provide a w ider variety of regional dishes and flavors, others still continue to offer patrons on standard Americans menu items while forget the importance of this type of restaurant plays as a cultural arbiter.The majority of Mexican restaurants are often focusing on specific sounds, smells and textures to bring and create an appealing and successful environment in their restaurant (Solomon Englis, 1994). The components for success also often include elements such as restaurant design, employees, cultural artifacts, food, drink and entertainment music (Guinness, 2002).Steak House Theme Based RestaurantThere are many steakhouse restaurants in Malaysia boasting to be the best. It can be nationwide franchises or homegrown branch. A lot of factors come into play when looking for a good steakhouse restaurant, ambience for instance, cleanliness of the establishment, fixtures and furnitures, and quality of service (Tilden, 2010).A good steak house restaurant should be have quick and polite servers in raising restaurants popularity and a sommelier should know the right kind of red wine would match with customers steak ordered. The restaurant should be able to fulfill guest spesific orders, have different gimmicks to attract their customers and lastly of course the steak itself (Tilden, 2010).One of the most successful steakhouse restaurant concepts is Outback Steakhouse. In Malaysia it self, we can find it in Kuala Lumpur and Bukit Bintang area. It is first opened in Florida in 1998, at that time beef was not everyones favourite meal but now there are more than 880 Outback Steakhouse restaurants out there (Walker, 2008). Each Outback Steakhouse restaurant is a friendly, casual, relaxing place, with fantastic food, excellent and attentive staff (Walker, 2008).1.5.4 Casual Theme RestaurantOne of the largest casual theme restaurant chains is Tony Romas, it specializing in baby ribs. With nearly 200 restaurants chain in 33 countries over 17 states and 6 continents, Tony Romas is o ne of the most globally recognizable restaurants name in food industry. Tony Romas also serves signature onion plant loaf, steak, onion loaf, chicken and seafood to thousand of guests every day. Tony Romas first opened in Miami, Florida on 1972. It featured casual dcor with comfortable ambience. The menu offered is simple and consisted of great tasting food and reasonable price. Baby back ribs are the house speciality menu and everyone favourite menu (source tonyromas.com)1.5.5 Lifestyle Theme Based RestaurantRestaurants that featuring all varieties of live music is popular across the country. Theme restaurants segment has struggled during late of 1990s until this decade. Theme restaurants that have survived in restaurant business have presumption a priority on their quality of food (Miller, 2006). Famous restaurant like Hard Rock Caf and satellite Hollywood has been established since early 1990s, and twain of these restaurants have promoted their brand reputation and expand in c asino market.Theme restaurants like Hard Rock Caf and Planet Hollywood have abundant of popularity and located in very strategic location nearby major tourist attractions. Like in Malaysia, Hard Rock Caf is located at Kuala Lumpur and Planet Hollywood previously also located at Kuala Lumpur but no longer opened. Most of the profit in many theme restaurants is come from the high price of merchandise ( macintoshLaurin and MacLaurin, 2000).Large theme restaurants also involve large of capital and investments. They focus on architec, color, lighting, sound effect, color, fabrics, wall, furniture and fixtures. These all are unify together to create uniquenes, drama and excitement (Walker, 2007). In Las Vegas, different kind of theme restaurants founded however it is often fail because food and service are lost in the high theater. Food is really sensitive and main factor must have in many theme restaurants (Walker, 2007). Miller (2006) gives strategy for new comers theme restaurant co ncepts to make the food and dining experiences as a fundamental on restaurant business, high quality of food will help theme restaurants meets consumers preferences and expectations.Some theme restaurants appeal to an older generation and present a time for reflection and nostalgia, for examples Hard Rock Caf and Planet Hollywood (Walker, 2007). So in this research paper we will look at lifestyle theme restaurants like T-Bowl, The Garden, Full House, Bubba Gump, Gasoline, etc which these are the lifestyle theme restaurants can be found in Malaysia especially in Klang Vallety area and its patronise by generation Y.1.5.4.1 Garden Lifestyle Store and CafLately, more and more concept restaurants came in to food industry. Last two years there is new type of outlet which sells foods and decoration items. It is like you are dining in the middle of garden and at the same time you can shop in the lifestyle store. Garden Lifestyle Store and Caf established since 2009, offers an extensive of f ood choice fusing from both Western and Asian cuisines. It is a semi fine dining restaurant with breathaking atmosphere and impressive interior design to give customers an experience of dining in a real garden. The restaurant decorated with bunch of beautiful flowers and plants, a pianist will present a performance of melody rhythm from the immobilize white grand piano. In Malaysia there are 6 branches of Garden Lifestyle Store and Caf which are located at 1 Utama, The Curve, Sunway Pyramid, Mid Valley, Alamanda (Putrajaya) and oral exam (Kuala Lumpur). (Source garden-cafe.com.my)1.5.4.2 Full House Lifestyle Store CafFullhouse Lifestyle Store Caf is designed to resemble a full sized house. It offers fusion delight foods, unique menu and enjoyable dining experience. Besides from that, almost everything at Fullhouse is for sale, from clothes, accessories, gifts and decorative items. Fullhouse also provides event management, where you can arrange any party celebration or special oc casion. They provide theme party as well as event service to help their guest to arrange the most happening party in town. It is a truly novel home dining experience. Guest will feel a homely ambience from the first step they walk into the restaurant. It is capable for family gathering, romantic dinner and hangout place with friends (Source fullhousecafe.com.my).1.5.4.3 T-Bowl RestaurantT-Bowl or known as Toilet Bowl Restaurant was established on 18th February 2008 and first opened in QueensBay Mall at Penang, Malaysia. This restaurant designed base on bathroom concept, where toilet bowl used as seat, basin as dining table, mini toilet bowl as platter. The restaurant offers varieties of cuisines range from Hong Kong, Japan, Korean and Western. Todays, eating is more to pleasure and enjoyment, it is not as simple as an action only. T-Bowl provides different eating experience, enjoyment and welcome generation of modern and trendy era (Source t-bowl.com).1.5.4.4 Bubba Gump Shirmp Co. Restaurant and foodstuffThe first Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. Restaurant and Market was opened in 1996 in California. It has grown in many locations throughout the United States and internation. It is chain of seafood restaurants, provides a casual environment and great meal. At Bubba Gump Shirmp Co. food is the diva. They offer features shrimp, famous baby back ribs and everyone favorite drinks. Since 1996, Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. has been providing unique service, fantastic foods and fun casual atmosphere. Todays, this restaurant located in 22 national and 11 international locations, it has grown into a global brand (Source bubbagump.com).1.5.4.5 Gasoline CafGasoline caf is a new dining sensation that carries out modern lifestyle. It is a new look caf, provides varieties of delicious food, great atmosphere and convenient location. Gasoline caf is a concept caf specialized in comic themes. It provides fresh and nutrious meals. There is variety of cuisines served which are Hong Kong, Chin ese, Japanese and Western cuisines. All the food and beverages are prepared according to teenagers preferences and refined to suit local tastes. The drinks offered such as variety of smoothies, pop music drink and flavor taste of tea (Source gasoline.com.my).1.6. Customer SatisfactionIn todays competitive market, many companies are increasingly their firms marketing strategies and tactics in order to make profits and contribute fully growth of the company. Customer satisfaction factors and repatronage intention are global issues that may affect all organizations, it can be large or small company, profit or non-profit company and local or global company. To improve customer satisfaction and retention, many companies are interested in learning, analyzing and implementing new marketing strategies which aim for the benefits on firms financial (Fen and Lian, 2010).Quality and customer satisfaction have been recognized as an important aspect for success and survival in todays competitive market. Many researchers have conducted on these two concepts, quality and satisfaction are link together to customer behavior in purchase and loyalty intention (Olsen, 2002) willingness to spread postive word of mouth (Kang, Nobuyuki and Herbert, 2004) and complaint intention (Sderlund and -hman, 2005).In restaurant concept, customer satisfaction is used as an indicator whether a customer will patronage to a restaurant. Even there is no guarantee of a satisfied customer will return to particular restaurant, but it is nearly certain that a dissatisfied customer will not repeat their visit. An analysis on customer satisfaction factors will provide clues for food service manager to take action and increase the posibbility that customers will come back. (Soriano, 2002)In particular, food quality, atmosphere, menu, variety, service from staff, cleanliness, styling, price, interior design and dcor, professional appearance of staff and store location are all the components of store imag e in restaurant industry (Baker et al. 1994 Lindquist, 1974 Prendergast Man, 2002).In this study, in order to identify the factors that drive consumers come back to the specific restaurant, firstly will be look at the factors effect consumers satisfaction in casual restaurant industry as there is a research done by Ryu Han (2010). Continuing to find out what are the factors that affect consumers satisfaction in theme based restaurants industry. So from here we can actually know what the differences between consumer satisfactions in normal restaurant and in restaurant that has a particular theme.1.6.1 Casual eat Restaurant IndustryCasual dining restaurant industry already been started since late of 1960s, in 1980s it started to specialized into a concepts by create casual atmosphere, expand the menu appeal with alcohol and moderate the food price. Casual dining restaurant try to capture customer attention by create a theme and a brand image that represent a generation of the consu mer. Casual dining restaurant also has a wide variety on menu items that can be used for any occasions. They continuously improve their menu choices and offers limited items in limted time so consumers attracted to try and make multiple visits to their restaurant. (Murphy, DiPietro, Rivera and Muller, 2009)Casual dining restaurant has a knowledgeable and higher service level staff compare to dissipated food restaurants (Muller Woods, 1994). Currently, casual dining is an important segment of the restaurant industry. It is generating $65 billion sales and over 126,000 restaurants in the United States (NRA, 2007). This industry also expected to continue increse on yearly sales between 5% and 7% over the next 5 to 10 years (Darden Restaurants, 2006).Quick casual restaurant is a combination of fast food and full service restaurant which offers menus and dcor and it is reflective of casual dining restaurant. This type of restaurant tends to do high sales volume during lunch time and g enerate profit slightly higher than standard service restaurants. Their guests are commonly adult customers with middle to upper incomes level (Tillotson, 2003).1.6.2 Customer Satisfaction Factors in Casual Dining RestaurantIn casual restaurant, there are some factors can affect customer satisfaction such as the attractiveness of restaurant facilities, distinct food and sufficient level of service quality. Customer satisfaction is one of the most critical marketing priorities, because it is assumed to be an implication of repeat sales, exacting word of mouth and loyalties of customer.There are 2 main important aspects in the restaurant industry, (1) tangible (food and restaurant facilities), (2) intangible (interaction between service provider and customer). A proper combination between tangible and intangible aspects will result in customers perception of high service quality in that particular restaurant.The other study also suggested that food quality is the most influence facto rs affect customer loyalty in restaurant choice (Mattila, 2001). She has indicated top three reasons for customers to patronize their casual dining restaurant were food quality, service, and atmosphere.1.6.3 Theme Based Restaurant IndustryThe important charecteristic of theme restaurant service is consumers must present in the consuming process and experience the service delivery by the providers face to face. Customer wants the satisfaction of specific experiences that meet their perception, expectation and satisfy with the personal preference received during their consuming process (Hsieh Chen, 2009).To promote theme restaurant service quality, management starts to focus on split second of Truth between customers and service providers. Service quality is a communicational aspect, which helps the guest feel the actual warm hospitality showed to them via professional technics and tactics showed in service skills with high quality feeling (Hsieh Chen, 2009).Restaurant frequently d evelop new menus and offer a selection of different menu items to attract customers (Namkung Jang, 2007). Kivela, Inbakaram Reece (2000) determine menu variety as a significant attribute of food quality in determining customer satisfaction in theme/atmosphere restaurants. To conclude all the studies that have been found, food quality was the most important factors of overall restaurant service quality and is expected to have a positive relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty.1.6.4 Customer Satisfaction Factors in Theme RestaurantTo assess customer satisfaction in the service industry, there is one most popular and widely way through an application of expectancy disconfirmation theory (Oh, 1999). The expectancy disconfirmation states that consumer form an opinion about particular service by comparing the actual service given by service provider with their expectations of how is the serive should have been performed (Oliver, 1980). The result from customer satisfaction is whether a customers perception given by service provider meets up to their expectation (Oliver, 1980 1981).Study found that from all the possible factors that affect customer satisfaction in restaurants, food quality is the most important and powerful factors for customer to return (Oh, 2000). In addition to that, according to study done by MacLaurin and MacLaurin (2000) about Customer Perceptions of Singapores Theme Restaurants, has explored and included food quality as one of the most important elements in theme restaurant, followed by theme concept, service quality, menu, atmosphere, convenience, value, product merchandise and pricing. Moreover, one of the examples from the study found that Hard Rock Caf is one if the most successful theme restaurant chains, its in highest rank among its competitiors in terms of food quality (MacLaurin Mac Laurin, 2000). Therefore, it is logic to think that theme restaurants food quality may influence customer satisfaction and result in retu rn intent.Beside quality of food plays important roles in theme based restaurant industry, there is a study done by Bitner, 1992 Wall and Berry, 2007 has provided evidence of how the physical environment influences consumer behavior. The physical environment of the restaurant such as restaurants atmosphere, ambience, dcor, furniture, and other facilities can have a great impact on the dining experience (Sloan,2004) and behavioral intentions (Ryu Jang, 2007). prior studies found that because of the unique nature of the restaurant service, physical environments could guide consumers in evaluating a restaurant experience (Wall Berry, 2007). Therefore, restaurant with theme based has wide opportunity to develop and play a big role in restaurant industry.Quality of atmosphere in a restaurant can influence customer patronage intention (Wakefield Blodgett, 1994). T

Supporting people with long term health conditions

Supporting spate with long shape health specificationsThis constitution reflects on the administer ask of 67 year nonagenarian Kingsley, at 55 he was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes then at 65 Kingsley suffered a stroke. After a lengthy stay in infirmary he was moved to a nursing radical where he currently sleep withs, he is non happy in the nursing home and concupiscencees to be carry through and return home to the tutelage of his wife. He displays his unhappiness to cautiousness staff with bouts of yellow bile and frustration. He has a social worker assigned to his case who is currently undecided if Kingsley should return home to his wife, he questions the layout of the home and his wifes ability to cope with Kingsleys apprehension needs. Kingsley and his wife take a centering some difficult decisions to make and should be competent to discuss these with the social worker as these lead have got a fundamental impact on where he lives as this lead be instrumen tal to his well macrocosm.Living with a long term health condition can have its challenges when receiving health care, its paramount that a care user receives the correct take of fight back and selective information available. A psycho sociological stance offers a holistic progression which addresses an mortals needs and an anthropological perspective which offers a biologic resume of the human existence.A psycho sociological perspective addresses an individuals psychological health and wellbeing needs which are individual to functioning within human family. This perspective highlights that factors such as age, gender, environmental living conditions and the individual differences that state face are to be considered in health needs and care issues.A psycho-social approach to public health aims to incorporate the environment which will address the health of groups of people by social context, social class, location and how accessible they are to local resources. In the p ast this has been referred to as the social place of health (K217, attainment Guide 2, p43).The structure of the social model of health aims to make health work more affective, accessible and acceptable to individuals. The components are as follows (K217, Learning Guide 2, p43).To ack nowadaysledge the influence that health has on political, economic, social, psychological, cultural and environmental factors and also biologic factors.To improve health a focus must be placed on the socio-economic environment.To achieve community participation with apportiond decision making mingled with lay people and practitioners.Health serve to collaborate with other government agencies and sectors.Commitment to equity and accountability in health.The use of evidence which is qualitative and quantitative.The conceit of this perspective is that the focus of social causes are linked to illness rather genetics. If the social causes which are causing a detrimental effect on health are addressed then a better gauge of life and sense of wellbeing are to be achieved. In Kingsley case he is not socially active because of the environment he is currently living in, which is restricting him from participating in any social networks, which gives the practitioners power over him so he is then not part of the decision making regarding his wellbeing.Holism perspectiveThe practice of holism is to recognise that each persons needs are unique to ones stimulate identity. It acknowledges that focus is to be given to lifestyles and choices which have an impact on health and illness. The approach links all aspects of a persons physical, mental and emotional state to piss a composition of a state of health and illness.The approach of a biomedical perspective will address medical conditions with a biological, anatomy, and a physiology study but ignores an individuals needs, as a holism approach would address the individuals needs which would have an effect on lifestyles and choices.So a Biomedical perspective has a place in some health conditions such as Diabetes which will address the medical needs such as insulin. But a holistic approach will identify the whole person combining their mind, body and spirit. This can be military serviceful for practitioners to understand how a Diabetic may be feeling with effects of injecting insulin, are they coping with self management of the condition. The whole person approach to care is to give service users the ability to move on from the professional dominance in the doctor spunkd model and to achieve the self care model which is to encourage independence. (K217, Learning Guide 2, p42).Discussion.The contribution of opening.Do theories have a place in health and social care services and how can they help people like Kingsley who is suffering from a long term health condition.Theories in health and social care are developed from two perspectivesGood research and medical engagements which results in theories from evidence.G eneralised practice and an dread of experience within a profession, these theorises are developed from practical experiences.Theories in understanding long term health conditions can be found in two perspectives bio medical and the social model of health. The bio medical approach is that the body functions normally but when things go wrong a specialist can counterbalance the body its focus is that biological problems can be addressed with medicine. The social model of health recognises biological factors but also includes the recognition of the influence of health being a matter of psychological and social addressing the wellbeing of an individual.If just a bio medical approach to theory was taken of Kingsleys situation he would have been diagnosed with two long term health conditions a stroke and type two diabetes by a practitioner then undergone biological treatment in hospital, were tests were taken and symptoms were controlled with medication. He is now living with two conditi ons controlled by medication. Bio medical may adapt mechanical metaphors which presume that a practitioners approach is to be an channelize and to fix what is malfunctioning with medication (K219, leaning guide 1, p36). The N.H.S. point out that a stroke is a medical emergency and should be diagnosed as shortly as possible this would be in a bio medical environment. A bio medical view would be taken to determine the emergency treatment unavoidable and also for after care with medication, therapists, physiotherapist and G.Ps. The N.H.S also highlight that the social model of health should be incorporated into a patients social care needs social workers would assess a patient and their carers needs and offer services such as meals on wheels and home care services (N.H.S. 2011).A strictly social view of theory to long term health conditions would offer Kingsley and his with sociological support in cover uping with his conditions addressing needs for his wellbeing. Kingsley has exp erienced a revision to his identity, because of his illness he feels he can no longer contribute in society. Kingsleys illness has made it impossible for him to work so he now relies on the welfare benefit system so his identity has changed from a working man providing for his family to the sick role. The sick role can be identify when an ill person becomes exempt from a social role of responsibilities examples are because of illness, a sick person will not get better without being taken care of and the sick person will want to overcome illness and should be obligated to seek the correct professional help to deal with an illness (Parsons, 1951, p.294). This theory of the sick role has an element of social care and bio medical, society will address an ill persons needs with benefits and care issues and a biological factor will be present with medication.What can be learnt from research and practice guidelines?Research show that suffers from a long term health condition such as a str oke may face physical disabilities and suffer from social exclusion which can lead to spoiled identities. The Stroke companionship commits approximately two and a half million pounds per year in to research of stroke prevention and treatment .Two key achievements are (The Stroke connector 2011).Staying physically fit after 40 cuts risk of a stroke. People who are physically fit after the age of 40 can dishonor their risk of stroke by as much as 50 percent, compared to people who arent as physically fit (The Stroke Association 2011).The benefit of occupational therapy for stroke care home residents. A recent study funded by the Stroke Association has shown how beneficial even a small amount of occupational therapy can be to residents in care homes who have had a stroke. The study, carried out is extremely significant as the care home population is an understudied and extremely open group (The stroke Association 2011).The research suggests that prevention can reduce the risk of a stroke and that life style changes and rehabilitation will help with the recovery process, learning to deal with the effects that the stroke has had on them and learning to adapt to the limitations caused by stroke. Rehabilitation would also address the need for any support in dealing with social, emotional and practical issues.A government report on long term health conditions and self care (Your health, your way, 2009) is aimed at promoting countersign between health and social care professionals and people with long term health conditions, it addresses what options, support and information are available for health care users who wish to self care. The N.H.S. and social services want to encourage people with long term health conditions to self care, its shared aims and values for the transformation are to learn that service users and their carers are not discriminated because of illness or disability and are supported to be able toLive independently and be able to control a fam ily unit, which will avoid children taken on inappropriate caring roles.To stay healthy and to be able to recover quickly from illness.The ability to coif control over their own life and if appropriate the lives of family members.To get into economically and socially as active and equal citizens.Have the best quality of life, disregardless of illness or disability and retaining respect and dignity.(Your health, your way, 2009, p.4)Self care is build around a holistic process that places the service user at the centre of their own care but also recognising that different issues can impact on an individuals health and wellbeing so the process is supportive, individual, flexible and non-judgemental, the focus is just on enabling the individual to achieve the outcomes that they want for themselves.People who use services completed a survey prior the transition to self care and after the changes had occurred the findings are.(Your health, your way, 2009)(Your health, your way, 2009)T he results show how being empowered to take a more active role in health and well-being can improve quality of life. People who are living with a long term condition can benefit enormously from being supported to self care. They can live longer, have less pain, anxiety, depression and fatigue, have a better quality of life and be more active and independent (Your health, your way, 2009, p.6).Theory and practice.The social model of disability (K217, Learning Guide 6, p43) plays a significant part in a care service users life, such as Kingsley. This theory accepts that people will experience differences in life because of health issues such as stroke and diabetes, but questions that the difference is the problem when society does not adapt to such differences. The theory was introduced in the 1970s when disable activists debated that society is the problem that faced disabled people not the individuals disability. This approach has a commitment to improving the lives of disabled peop le, by promoting social inclusion and removing the barriers which oppress disabled people (Tom Shakespeare, 2006, p 9).The biomedical paradigm ignores the differences between individuals and is criticised for overlooking social influences which have an effect to health care (K217, Learning Guide 2, p40). This is clear in the case of Kingsley he has received biomedical treatment in the past for type 2 diabetes and now for a stroke from medical practitioners. Kingsley is now experiencing differences in life to an able bodied person as well as a change to his identity to being disabled because he cannot walk or use his right hand without being aided. The nursing home were Kingsley now lives accepts his disabilities and provides care for him such as help to walk and use his right hand. Two people assist Kingsley to get out of bed, shower and dress him. The environment is restricting his independence and making him disabled relying on assistance and there are no aids he can use himself w hich would give him control of his care.Empowering people who use services (K217, Learning Guide 10, pp28-34) is a theory which would allow Kingsley to become involved in his health care needs. The focus of the theory is the concern regarding the need for people to move into in their health care needs, and that empowerment will encourage them to use services and empower them to participate within them. People need to be advance to use health care services but also need to empower themselves to participate within a service. Health and social care services encourage users to become empowered this can be with support groups with people who share similar experiences (Diabetes NHS, 2011). Key factors of the theory are that power and control should be equally divided between service provider and user, several options will be available to the user which there will have knowledge on, information supplied to assist in making decisions and if the user is dissatisfied with the system has the option to decline any further use of the system and make a complaint. Involving people who use health and social care services with empowerment gives them achievement by (K217, Learning Guide 10, p30).Having control and being engaged with services.Equal share of power with practitioners.The contribution of planning individual services and the development of good practice.Including all members of society.Empowerments goal is to involve participation at all levels in care services allowing users to have a say and to be engaged in their care needs working with practitioners to satisfy care needs. Empowerment is a way of equalising the distribution of power between users of services and practitioners (Tuner, MacKian, Woodthorpe, 2010, quoted in Learning guide 10, p.30).Kingsleys care needs are being dictated to him by the care home and his social worker if he was to be empowered to use care services and was to empower to participate in services he may be more actively contented with hi s care needs.Conclusions and recommendationsWho cares for Kingsley and where he receives care are now important decisions to make. The decisions will influence his care needs and his future wellbeing. This report highlights the concerns that people who have long term health conditions face with care needs and the services that provide care.Clearly when a person suffers from an illness such as a stroke or diabetes an emergency response for care is received from a medical practitioner who will offer a biomedical diagnoses and if needed medical treatment and medication. As was the treatment Kingsley received, the next phase in the care process is how after care support and treatment is provided for people with a long term health condition.Kingsleys individual care needs have not been addressed he may be adequately receiving biomedical care in the nursing home and his basic fundamental needs for living such as shelter, food and warmth are being provided his individual needs are not bein g considered.Kingsley wishes to return home to the care of his wife, a psycho sociological perspective will identify that his individual psychological health and wellbeing in society is not being fulfilled. The care home environment is restricting him from participating in main stream society he cannot be active within society because he has no access to social networks. This will be a fundamental reason for his bouts of anger and frustration as before his illness he was social active and provided for his family. Kingsleys care needs are unique to his new identity as a disabled person with a long term health condition, along with a psycho sociological perspective a holistic approach will help to identify the impact this is having on his health, lifestyle and wellbeing.The social worker assigned to Kingsley is concerned that his wife would not be able to cope with his care needs, one option is to recognise what difficulties in society will be restricting Kingsley because of his disab ility (The social model of disability). The care home is disabling Kingsley because of its neglect of practices and environment.If the social worker was to work with Kingsley and his wife to identify the support needed to provide a self care package such as locate payments (K217, Learning Guide 10, p29) this would allow them to be independently in control over which services they use. Allowing them to live independently as a family and able to participate economically within society.

Journalists And Public Relations Practitioners Media Essay

Journalists And Public Relations Practitioners Media EssaySince memoriseing and undertaking recreate experience in the field of public relations I bring on realised the need for a good relationship between journalists and PR practitioners if both professions want to achieve their goals and do their job to the highest standard.Writing calf love releases and then sending them to journalists is an important aspect of a PR practitioners job, so a good relationship between the two is important. Both professions rely on each other journalists need PR practitioners to provide them with countersignworthy stories ab come out their clients or organisation they are working for and PR practitioners need journalists to publish the inspire releases that they send to them on behalf of their clients or organisation.After writing some press releases and sending them to journalists while undertaking work experience at The Phoenix Partners I set up that three of the four press releases which I h ad written were published by at least one of the journalists which I had sent them to. I withal effectuate after analysing press cuttings that many of the press releases written by my colleagues were also often used by journalists.After speaking to two PR practitioners who previously worked as journalists, I was told that PR practitioners are having a big influence in the setting of the news agenda as many of their news stories are being used by the relevant media. What I have learnt while studying PR confirms that what I have seen first hand from my work experience and what I have been told by ex journalists is correct and I have decided to research this topic further to gain a to a greater extent in-depth knowledge of it.Research QuestionsIn order to come to a conclusion to see whether the influence of the news agenda is being transferred from journalists towards PR practitioners, I have formulated the following research interrogative sentencesHow common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR action at law?Do PR practitioners mainly have a good relationship with journalists?Has there been a shift in employment in PR and news media?MethodologyTo suffice the question and to see whether the influence of the news agenda is being transferred from journalists towards public relations practitioners, I forget be using a combination of primary(a) and second-string research methods.There has already been a lot of supplemental research conducted on this area of PR and journalism and this research will help me to answer all of my research questions. This secondary research includes research already conducted by national organisations and academician teams.I will also be using academic and professional sources in researching the topic. This includes the use of academic textbooks, websites, magazines, newspapers and media reports, allowing me to use a mixture of factual data as well as the thoughts and opinions of researchers, academics and pr actitioners in the field of PR and journalism.My study will also build use of primary research methods in answering two of my research questions how common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR activity and do PR practitioners generally have a good relationship with journalists? The primary research will consist of conducting questionnaires, one sent to PR practitioners and one sent to journalists within the West Midlands, England. The questionnaires will ask both open-ended and closed-ended questions which will provide me with lavish information to analyse my recoupings and answer my research questions.I have chosen to use the West Midlands for my investigation as I already have lot of contacts who are PR practitioners within this area and therefore I will benefit from a higher response rate than if I were to send the questionnaire to muckle who I dont know from other areas. I will use my PR contacts to help me find journalists to respond to the questionnaire , as well as using Mediadisk to find journalists within the West Midlands and contact them directly.The sampling methods I am using are a combination of thingamajig sampling and snowball sampling. Forzano and Gravetta (2008) state that convenience sampling is where researchers use participants who are easy to get based on their availability and willingness to respond. Babbie (2009) feels that snowball sampling works well when a population is hard-fought to locate. This is because the researcher collects data from the members of the target population that they can locate and then asks them to help locate other members of the target population that they may know.Ethical IssuesWhen conducting primary and secondary research for my study I need to consider any ethical implications of my research methods. As I will be using secondary data already conducted by national organisations and academic teams, I will ensure that I dont pass any of the research off as my cause and I will cite wh at source I have got the research from. man I analyse my findings from the questionnaires sent to PR practitioners and journalists I will make sure that I dont fabricate, falsify or misinterpret research data. This will ensure that my research is honest and truthful, this is important in order to make my study represent a true reflection of my findings.One of the main factors which discourage participants in taking part in a questionnaire is that they want their answers to remain hidden and anonymous, even to the researcher. To ensure respondents answers to the questionnaire will be kept anonymous, I will be setting up the questionnaire online and wont be asking respondents to fill out their name. This will ensure that any participants who fear for their anonymity can be sure that this ethical issue will not pose them a problem. publications ReviewThe relationship between journalists and PR practitioners, which has typically been characterised as essentially in conflict, has recent ly been recast as a trading or substitution relationship in which under-resourced journalists, working in under-staffed newsrooms, increasingly rely on PR sources for editorial copy while offering access to editorial columns for PR messages in return (Gans 1978, Jones 2006).However, Tench and Yeomans (2006) state journalists feel that PR practitioners are incapable of manipulating them and that they are an annoying distraction to them when theyre setting out to do their jobs. While PR practitioners argue that media relations works best if its aim is to provide a service to the media, instead of acting mostly as a promotional channel for their clients or organisation.A long standing stream of PR research has looked at the influence of the news agenda. There is more than than 80 years of research on this topic in the USA, Australia and UK. Macnamara (2009) states that USA studies go back as far as 1926 when Silas Bent studied the New York Times and arrange that out of the 256 stor ies in the newspaper, 147 of them came from PR sources.In 1963 when a series of studies of the news media was conducted in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, it undercoat that 45% of the stories in newspapers and 15% of news visionary on radio and television were in some way sourced from PR activity. (Grunig and Hunt, 1984)The New York Times was again looked at along with the Washington Post when Leon Sigal found that around two-thirds of articles originated from press releases and other PR sources. Only 26% of news resulted from reporting, interviews or the journalists own analysis. (Macnamara, 2009)Studies on this subject in Australia date back to more recent times. Macnamara (1993) conducted a study to examine the relationship between PR practitioners and journalists it also looked at the conflicting claims over the role of and impact of PR in shaping the news agenda. He undertook research for his Masters of Arts by conducting a survey of 417 journalists and editors in Sydney, M elbourne, Brisbane and Canberra. He found that 86% claimed to have very frequent contact from PR practitioners and 74% said that they received over 20 press releases or other PR communications per week.At the uniform time 150 press releases were gathered from 27 different companies and a national press clipping service provided 2,500 articles on the topics of the press releases. The study found that 31% of stories were based on the press releases, only nine press releases out of 150 tracked (1.2%) were not used by the media and the average example rate for the press releases was seven times.A more recent analysis of media content in Australia by Zawawi (2001) conducted an examination of 1,163 articles published by three leading newspapers to identify the origin of news stories. The research confirmed the origin of 683 articles, of which 251 (37%) were sourced from PR activity. The analysis found that surveys, papers and submissions sent to journalists with the aim of attaining m edia coverage could also be considered as PR activity and these accounted for a further 88 news stories. Taking this into consideration it was concluded that 47% of news items were resulted from PR activity.Davies (2008) commissioned skillful researchers from the journalism department of Cardiff University to study a sample of the news running through the British media in 2008. It focused on five daily newspapers The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The unremarkable Mail and The Daily Telegraph. They chose two random weeks and examined each domestic news item put out by these newspapers, a total of 2,207 pieces. The study found that 54% of news items showed signs of being sourced from PR activity. It also found that only 12% of news stories in newspapers were independently sourced.Schedule3/5 7/58/5 12/513/5 17/518/5 22/523/5 27/528/5 1/62/6 6/67/6 11/6 zealReading literatureNote takingDesigning QuestionnaireData CollectionDistribution of QuestionnaireCollection of Qu estionnaireData AnalysisAnalysis of Questionnaire ResultsEvaluation of Questionnaire ResultsWriting foundation garmentMethodology writings ReviewAnalysisStudy LimitationsConclusionRecommendationsProof ReadingChapter PlanAbstractIntroductionMethodology3.1 Research DesignLiterature ReviewThe Influence of the News agenda in AustraliaThe Influence of the News Agenda in USAThe Influence of the News Agenda in BritainThe kindred Between PR Practitioners and JournalistsChanges in Employment in JournalismChanges in Employment in PRReasons for the Change in Influence of the News AgendaPrimary ResearchFindings of Questionnaire Sent to JournalistsFindings of Questionnaire Sent to PR PractitionersAnalysisHow common is it for news in media outlets to be as a result of PR activity?Do PR practitioners generally have a good relationship with journalists?Has there been a shift in employment in PR and journalism?Is the influence of the news agenda being transferred from journalists towards PR practit ioners?Study LimitationsConclusionRecommendationsBibliographyReferencesAppendix

Character in The Cherry Orchard :: Anton Chekhov Cherry Orchard Essays

The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov is a dramatic play set at a cherry plantation in Russia. Some of the characters that help set the dramatic setting of the play are Lyuboff, Lopahin, and Pishtchik. These characters find life difficult because they fail to understand each opposite and because they passively submit to their environmental situations with step up making an effort to rise above them. Lyuboff is the owner of the cherry orchard, and has lived there her whole life. The estate has been handed down through the generations, and Lyuboff has been left to take care of it. Since Lyuboff has grown up wealthy, she has not learned to manage her bills wisely. She wastefully spends and hands out money I harbourt any money, my doveoh, very wellgive it to him, Leonid. She does not know how to work in order to regain the money she has spent. She finds herself going into debt and not being able to pay the mortgage. These problems grow so severe that she is forced to sell the orchar d. Lopahin offers to help Lyuboff and her family to get them out of debt. He suggests several ideas such as tearing down buildings and the house, and renting homes on the land that the cherry orchard now grows. He cares not about the sentimental value the orchard holds, just now the money that could be made selling it. When told the personal value of the orchard, Lopahin replies The only remarkable thing about this cherry orchard is that its very big. He also says Theres a crop of cherries once every two yearsthats hard to get rid ofnobody buys them. though this does not stimulate Lopahin a greedy or uncaring person, one might think this is quite awkward. Pishtchik on the other hand is only out for himself. He too was once wealthy, alone had problems spending his money. He begs for money instead of working or earning it, creating even larger debts. When he asks Lyuboff for 240 roubles to pay for his mortgage, she agrees, but is turned away by Gayeff. Pishtchik then relies on luc k and a lottery ticket his wife gave him. Throughout the story, he refers to gimmicks in order to make money Wella horse is a fine animalYou can sell a horse. He also talks about counterfeiting money in order to repay his debts. It is not until the end of the story when his luck pays off by finding a large sum of money, which he is able to pay all his debts.

From Pullout to Inclusion in a Service-Learning Project :: Teaching Education Research

From Pullout to Inclusion in a Service-Learning ProjectIntroductionService-learning is no mystery to those who have been working with English Language Learners in the United States, who ar practically marginalized immigrants and refugees, and who for linguistic and cultural reasons are misunderstood. TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) professionals are frequently their mouthpiece, if not their advocates. As advocates of these other cultures and languages (who generally support bilingual education), we are seen as a kind of pariah perpetuating the immigration and illegal unknown quantity problem. Not surprisingly, given the increase of immigrants and refugees in the U.S. in such a short span of time, many teachers and administrators have relied on their outperform instincts rather than the best theories or methods to work with English language learners. For one thing, the populations keep changing. Within less than a decade, many programs have served student s from diverse backgrounds with completely different take ranging from low literacy Hmong to high literacy Russians. Teachers are often called on to be experts without having sufficient training in language teaching methodology or in scrap language and literacy development. Despite their exemplar methodologies in other ways (e.g., task and project based learning, critical thinking, cooperative learning), they do what they think is best, most often relying on their own past experiences learning a foreign language in the U.S. Moreover, TESOL professionals (not a monolith, we understand) are accustomed to enormous linguistic and cultural cast along with a fair amount of ambiguity. Unknowns abound in our world. When service-learning merges with TESOL, what is called for is a new kind of expertise. In this paper, we set out to question the elusive temper of expertise in company with service learning. Expertise within any discipline is an ambitious goal and even under the best circ umstances, liberal humanistic discipline faculty rarely think of themselves as preparing experts. In the TESOL world we have long since known that our expertise is not locked in our own ability to technify our students (or our teachers), or to fill young (and old) minds with theory. Following Edward Zwotkowski (1999) we understand that expertise encompasses more that theoretical understanding and technical skill it also includes the in-depth knowledge that comes from having lived with a problem or set of circumstances over an extended period of time. We have not had to look very hard to find those living with kinds of problems.

Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory Essay -- Hunger Memory Rodriguez

Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory The universal "growing pains" that totally children experiencein adept form or another are easily recognized in RichardRodriguezs autobiographical excerpt from Hunger of Memory. Rodriguezs childhood was particularly odd given the detailthat while he was born and raised in the United States, hewas strongly influenced in the heathenish environment of aSpanish family. Although the subscriber is introduced to lone(prenominal) ashort excerpt from the autobiography, he learns a great dealabout Rodriguezs family and his consanguinity to it, hisconflict of speechmaking face versus Spanish, and theparadox that became evident as he used English as hisprimary language. Furthermore, the reader learns thatRodriguezs experiences have contributed to his beliefs thata bilingual education is harmful.&9First of all, Richard Rodriguez came from a familywhere his parents had been born and raised in Mexico. Aftermoving and settling in America, Rodrigu ezs parents gavebirth to him and his siblings. Rodriguez refers some(prenominal) timesto "los gringos" , a colloquial, uncomplimentary name chargedwith "bitterness and distrust" with which his fatherdescribed English speaking Americans. This evidence made itapparent to the reader that definite animosity existed mingled with his parents and the society around them. Resultingly, culture into the American culture was nota very comfortable process for his parents. Despite this,the writers parents created a comfortable haven for him andhis siblings in their adopted country. The author shareswith the reader how close and tightly-knit his family was.He describes in numerous instances the "special feeling ofcloseness" that he share with his family. He also mentionsthe fact that he used to feel a "desperate, urgent, intense"feeling of wanting to be home. Spending time at home,speaking his "personal" language of Spanish, and universe withhis family gave Rodriguez comfort and a feeling of base hitthat was not felt outside of his home. &9Rodriguez was forced to leave that comfort and safetyevery morning though once he began attending school. Theauthor describes hearing the cold, harsh sounds of the English language and wishing that... ...ory and viewpoints,allowing the reader to make his or her own personal sentiment regarding the issue. Rodriguez explains that"While one suffers a diminished sense of privateindividualism by becoming assimilated into domain society,such assimilation makes possible the achievement of publicindividualism" (39).&9Finally, it was the contrast between the home and the school settings that gave the reader a very clearunderstanding of the authors conduct experience. finished thetechnique of flashback, the author describes how thedichotomy that existed between his home identity and hissocial identity shaped the "public" individual that he hadbecome. While the reader is subjected to only a shortexcerpt from Richard Rodriguezs autobiography, herecognizes, specifically, that it was this inner core of thefamily setting that Rodriguez struggled with the trial ofgrowing up as an American citizen. Without this familysetting, he would not have confronted the same obstaclesthat influenced who he became without the school setting hewould never have grown beyond the sheltered life from whichhe came. Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory Essay -- Hunger Memory Rodriguez Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory The universal "growing pains" that all children experiencein one form or another are easily recognized in RichardRodriguezs autobiographical excerpt from Hunger of Memory. Rodriguezs childhood was particularly unique given the factthat while he was born and raised in the United States, hewas strongly influenced in the ethnic environment of aSpanish family. Although the reader is introduced to only ashort excerpt from the autobiography, he learns a great dealabout Rodriguezs family and his relationship to it, hisconflict of speaking English versus Spanish, and theparadox that became evident as he used English as hisprimary language. Furthermore, the reader learns thatRodriguezs experiences have contributed to his beliefs thata bilingual education is harmful.&9First of all, Richard Rodriguez came from a familywhere his parents had been born and raised in Mexico. Aftermoving and settling in America, Rodriguezs parents gavebirth to him and his siblings. Rodriguez refers many timesto "los gringos" , a colloquial, derogatory name chargedwith "bitterness and distrust" with which his fatherdescribed English speaking Americans. This evidence made itapparent to the reader that definite animosity existedbetween his parents and the society around them. Resultingly, assimilation into the American culture was nota very comfortable process for his parents. Despite this,the authors parents created a comfortable haven for him andhis siblings in their adopted country. The author shareswith the reader how close and tightly-knit his family was.He describes in numerous instances the "special feeling ofcloseness" that he shared with his family. He also mentionsthe fact that he used to feel a "desperate, urgent, intense"feeling of wanting to be home. Spending time at home,speaking his "personal" language of Spanish, and being withhis family gave Rodriguez comfort and a feeling of safetythat was not felt outside of his home. &9Rodriguez was forced to leave that comfort and safetyevery morning though once he began attending school. Theauthor describes hearing the cold, harsh sounds of the English language and wishing that... ...ory and viewpoints,allowing the reader to make his or her own personaljudgment regarding the issue. Rodriguez explains that"While one suffers a diminished sense of privateindividualism by becoming assimilated into public society,such assimilation makes possibl e the achievement of publicindividualism" (39).&9Finally, it was the contrast between the home and the school settings that gave the reader a very clearunderstanding of the authors life experience. Through thetechnique of flashback, the author describes how thedichotomy that existed between his home identity and hissocial identity shaped the "public" individual that he hadbecome. While the reader is subjected to only a shortexcerpt from Richard Rodriguezs autobiography, herecognizes, specifically, that it was this inner core of thefamily setting that Rodriguez struggled with the trial ofgrowing up as an American citizen. Without this familysetting, he would not have confronted the same obstaclesthat influenced who he became without the school setting hewould never have grown beyond the sheltered life from whichhe came.

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of Hamlet Essays

The Importance of the Origin of the First Quarto of playlet Ofel Alas, what a change is this? Ham But if thou wilt needes marry, marry a foole, For wisemen know well enough, What monsters you make of them, to a Nunnery goe. Ofel Pray God restore him. Ham Nay, I have heard of your painting too, God hath giuen you one face, And you make your selues another, --HAMLET, Prince of Denmarke, The First Quarto The form of address page of the second quarto of Hamlet claims that the textbook beneath it is Newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much / againe as it was, according to the true and perfect / Coppie. Taking this at face value, three facts demand follow That there is at least one earlier edition (or else this one could not be newly imprinted...again) that the earlier edition was shorter (or else this one could not be enlarged) and that this quarto does not include some lines from the perfect Coppie (since it is almost as much). Indeed, a First Quarto exists dated a year earl ier (1603) Q1 is shorter some 1600 lines and the Folio does restore certain seemingly authorial passages. It appears as if I.R., the printer, or N.L., the publisher, is correct on all possible counts. We cannot purge condemn I.R. or N.L. for self-interested advertising. They admit that their copy is almost, but not quite, perfect.* Thus we might wish to take seriously one further point that the title page tries to make, namely, that the earlier quarto was neither true nor perfect, and therefore is corrupted not simply in its brevity, but also in the presentation of the text which it actually does contain. This would mean that Q1 did not use the true and perfect Coppie as its copy-text. It does not seem preposterous to rephras... ...ay. The strategic early placing of the To be or not to be, I theres the point monologue gives it less weight than it has in Q2, as if it were the beginning of Hamlets train of thought as opposed to the turning point we ofttimes think it is when we take aim a modern edition. Indeed, the point is more absolute than the question. Hamlet does not fight with himself to solve a line, but merely expresses what that problem is. To argue that this is oversimplification is to oversimplify it is a revision. It is an Elizabethan argument, positing that a truly revengeful Hamlet would definitely shy away from suicide for hope of salvation, part the confused avenger Hamlet would probably shy away from suicide for fear of punishment. That in itself sheds light on the pop psychology of the day, and thus how we ought to read Hamlets psychology in the context of its time.